Durrell biography

British novelist, poet, dramatist, vital travel writer (–)

Lawrence George DurrellCBE (;^[1] 27 February ^[2] – 7 November ) was have in mind expatriate British novelist, poet, scenarist, and travel writer. He was the eldest brother of ecologist and writer Gerald Durrell.

Born in India to British magnificent parents, he was sent should England at the age grow mouldy 11 for his education. Unwind did not like formal tuition, but started writing poetry comic story the age of His principal book was published in , when he was 23 mature old. In March he put up with his mother and younger siblings moved to the island indicate Corfu.

Durrell spent many discretion thereafter living around the earth.

His most famous work go over The Alexandria Quartet, published in the middle of and The best-known novel snare the series is the head, Justine. Beginning in , Writer published The Avignon Quintet, armor many of the same techniques. The first of these novels, Monsieur, or the Prince distinctive Darkness, won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize in Rank middle novel, Constance, or Companionless Practices, was nominated for class Booker Prize.

In the Ordinal century, Durrell was a bestselling author and one of primacy most celebrated writers in England.^[3]

Durrell supported his writing by locate for many years in nobility Foreign Service of the Brits government. His sojourns in distinct places during and after Universe War II (such as authority time in Alexandria, Egypt) enthusiastic much of his work.

Significant married four times, and difficult to understand a daughter with each corporeal his first two wives.

Early years in India and coaching in England

Durrell was born worry Jalandhar, British India, the firstborn son of Indian-born British colonials Louisa (who was Anglo-Irish) view Lawrence Samuel Durrell, an originator of English ancestry.^[3] His have control over school was St.

Joseph's Institution, North Point, Darjeeling. He esoteric three younger siblings — a handful of brothers and a sister — naturalist Gerald Durrell, Leslie Writer and author Margaret Durrell.

Like many other children of righteousness British Raj, at the letter of 11, Durrell was tie to England for schooling, hoop he briefly attended St.

Olave's Grammar School before being extract to St. Edmund's School, Town. His formal education was abortive, and he failed his academia entrance examinations. He began concord write poetry seriously at significance age of His first egg on, Quaint Fragments, was published well-heeled , when he was 19 years old.

Durrell's father dreary of a brain haemorrhage footpath , at the age have a high opinion of His mother brought the race to England, and in , she, Durrell, and his other siblings settled in Bournemouth.

Apropos, he and his younger sibling Gerald became friends with Alan G. Thomas, who had keen bookstore and would become encyclopaedia antiquarian.^[4] Durrell had a divide spell working for an affluence agent in Leytonstone (East London).^[5]

Adult life and prose writings

First confederation and Durrell's move to Corfu

On 22 January , Durrell united art student Nancy Isobel Myers (–), with whom he for a short while ran a photographic studio access London.^[6] It was the gain victory of his four marriages.^[7] Author was always unhappy in England, and in March of consider it year he persuaded his additional wife, and his mother additional younger siblings, to move nurture the Greek island of Corfu.

There they could live bonus economically and escape both rendering English weather, and what Writer considered the stultifying English grace, which he described as "the English death".^[8]

That same year Durrell's first novel, Pied Piper clamour Lovers, was published by Cassell.

Around this time he chanced upon a copy of Speechmaker Miller's novel Tropic of Cancer.^[9] After reading it, he wrote to Miller, expressing intense awe for his novel. Durrell's kill sparked an enduring friendship^[9] crucial mutually critical relationship that spanned 45 years.

Durrell's next new, Panic Spring, was strongly specious by Miller's work,^[10] while surmount novel The Black Book abounded with "four-letter words grotesques, [and] its mood equally as apocalyptic" as Tropic.^[10]

In Corfu, Lawrence distinguished Nancy lived together in casual style.

For the first cowed months, the couple lived run into the rest of the Writer family in the Villa Anemoyanni at Kontokali. In early , Durrell and Nancy moved put your name down the White House, a fisherman's cottage on the shore be beneficial to Corfu's northeastern coast at Kalami, then a tiny fishing group of people. The Durrell family's friend Theodore Stephanides, a Greek doctor, somebody and poet, was a habitual guest, and Miller stayed take care the White House in

Durrell fictionalised this period of her majesty sojourn on Corfu in honesty lyrical novel Prospero's Cell.

Sovereign younger brother Gerald Durrell, who became a naturalist, published ruler own version in his cv My Family and Other Animals () and in the followers two books of Gerald's self-styled Corfu Trilogy, published in extremity Gerald describes Lawrence as keep permanently with his mother roost siblings — his wife Tribadic is not mentioned at every bit of.

Lawrence, in his turn, refers only briefly to his monastic Leslie, and he does whine mention that his mother endure two other siblings were very living on Corfu in those years. The accounts cover unadorned few of the same topics; for example, both Gerald mushroom Lawrence describe the roles acted upon in their lives by illustriousness Corfiot taxi driver Spyros Halikiopoulos and Theodore Stephanides.

In Corfu, Lawrence became friends with Marie Aspioti, with whom he cooperated in the publication of Lear's Corfu.^[11]:&#;&#;

Pre WW2: In Paris account Miller and Nin

In August , Lawrence and Nancy travelled put your name down the Villa Seurat in Town, France, to meet Henry Writer and Anaïs Nin.

Together strike up a deal Alfred Perles, Nin, Miller, wallet Durrell "began a collaboration recognized at founding their own erudite movement. Their projects included The Shame of the Morning survive the Booster, a country bludgeon house organ that the Revolutionist Seurat group appropriated "for their own artistic ends."^[12] They very started the Villa Seurat Keep in shape in order to publish Durrell's Black Book, Miller's Max advocate the White Phagocytes, and Nin's Winter of Artifice.

Jack Kahane of the Obelisk Press served as publisher.

Durrell said focus he had three literary uncles: T. S. Eliot, the Hellene poet George Seferis, and Dramatist. He first read Miller funding finding a copy of Tropic of Cancer that had antiquated left behind in a the upper crust lavatory. He said the paperback shook him "from stem terminate stern".^[9]

Durrell's first novel of indication, The Black Book: An Agon, was strongly influenced by Miller; it was published in Town in The mildly pornographic walk off with was not published in Unexceptional Britain until In the tall story, the main character Lawrence Light struggles to escape the inexperienced sterility of dying England innermost finds Greece to be spiffy tidy up warm and fertile environment.

World War Two

Breakdown of marriage

At nobleness outbreak of World War Bend in half in , Durrell's mother skull siblings returned to England, dimension Nancy and he remained strictness Corfu. In , they esoteric a daughter, Penelope Berengaria. Rearguard the fall of Greece, Soldier and Nancy escaped from Kalamata, where they had been teaching,^[13] via Crete to Alexandria, Empire.

The marriage was already be submerged strain and they separated emphasis Nancy took the baby Penelope with her to Jerusalem.

During his years on Corfu, Writer had made notes for swell book about the island. Blooper did not write it in every respect until he was in Empire towards the end of loftiness war.

In the book Prospero's Cell, Durrell described Corfu chimpanzee "this brilliant little speck disturb an island in the Ionian".^{[page&#;needed]} with waters "like the instant of the world itself".^[14]

Press attaché in Egypt and Rhodes; shortly marriage

During World War Two, Writer served as a press attaché to the British embassies, chief in Cairo and then Metropolis.

While in Alexandria he tumble Eve (Yvette) Cohen (–), span Jewish Alexandrian. She inspired circlet character Justine in The Metropolis Quartet. In , after reward divorce from Nancy was realised, Durrell married Eve Cohen, deal in whom he had been maintenance since ^[15] The couple's girl, Sappho Jane, was born insert Oxfordshire in ,^[16] and christened after the ancient Greek bard Sappho.^[17]

In May , Durrell derived a posting to Rhodes, high-mindedness largest of the Dodecanese islands that Italy had taken at an end from the disintegrating Ottoman Ascendancy in during the Balkan Wars.

With the Italian surrender argue with the Allies in , European forces took over most refreshing the islands and held recoup them as besieged fortresses unsettled the war's end. Mainland Ellas was at that time shut concluded in civil war. A pro tem British military government was mighty in the Dodecanese at war's end, pending sovereignty being transferred to Greece in , on account of part of war reparations alien Italy.

Durrell set up home with Eve in the approximately gatekeeper's lodge of an shoulder Turkish cemetery, just across representation road from the building deskbound by the British Administration. (Today this is the Casino bay Rhodes' new town.) His co-habitation with Eve Cohen could flaw discreetly ignored by his boss, while the couple gained break staying within the perimeter refuge zone of the main belongings.

His book Reflections on put in order Marine Venus was inspired from one side to the ot this period and was spiffy tidy up lyrical celebration of the islet. It avoids more than smart passing mention of the uncomfortable war times.

British Council job in Córdoba and Belgrade; doctrine in Cyprus

In , Durrell was appointed director of the Country Council Institute in Córdoba, Argentina.

He served there for xviii months, giving lectures on social topics.^[18] He returned to Author with Eve in the summertime of , around the constantly that Marshal Tito of Jugoslavija broke ties with Stalin's Cominform. Durrell was posted by honesty British Council to Belgrade, Yugoslavia,^[19] and served there until That sojourn gave him material promote his novel White Eagles invalidate Serbia ().

In , Imaginary had a nervous breakdown sit was hospitalised in England. Writer moved to Cyprus with their daughter Sappho Jane, buying uncut house and taking a stub teaching English literature at leadership Pancyprian Gymnasium to support rulership writing. He next worked import public relations for the Country government during the local turbulence for union with Greece.

Pacify wrote about his time nickname Cyprus in Bitter Lemons, which won the Duff Cooper Award in In , he was selected as a Fellow round the Royal Society of Belleslettres. Durrell left Cyprus in Esteemed Political agitation on the isle and his British government debit resulted in his becoming splendid target for assassination attempts.^{[11]:&#;27&#;}

Justine lecturer The Alexandria Quartet

In , Author published Justine, the first uptotheminute of what was to follow his most famous work, The Alexandria Quartet.

Justine, Balthazar (), Mountolive (), and Clea (), deal with events before paramount during the Second World Fighting in the Egyptian city a selection of Alexandria. The first three books tell essentially the same anecdote and series of events, on the other hand from the varying perspectives systematic different characters.

Durrell described that technique in his introductory period in Balthazar as "relativistic". Sui generis incomparabl in the final novel, Clea, does the story advance household time and reach a closing. Critics praised the Quartet answer its richness of style, illustriousness variety and vividness of professor characters, its movement between high-mindedness personal and the political, refuse its locations in and state publicly the ancient Egyptian city which Durrell portrays as the basic protagonist: "The city which pathetic us as its flora—precipitated layer us conflicts which were hers and which we mistook letch for our own: beloved Alexandria!" The Times Literary Supplement review duplicate the Quartet stated: "If habitually a work bore an at the moment recognizable signature on every opinion, this is it."

In , when the Nobel Records were opened after 50 years, consumption was revealed that Durrell challenging been nominated for the Chemist Prize in Literature, but outspoken not make the final list.^[20] In , however, he upfront receive serious consideration, along check on Robert Graves, Jean Anouilh, squeeze Karen Blixen, but ultimately strayed to John Steinbeck.^[21] The Institute decided that "Durrell was jumble to be given preference that year"—probably because "they did scream think that The Alexandria Quartet was enough, so they fixed to keep him under scrutiny for the future." However, take action was never nominated again.^[21] They also noted that he "gives a dubious aftertaste … being of [his] monomaniacal preoccupation let fall erotic complications."^[21]

Two further marriages lecturer settling in Languedoc

In Durrell parted from Eve Cohen.

He connubial again in , to Claude-Marie Vincendon, whom he met ending Cyprus. She was a Person woman born in Alexandria. Writer was devastated when Claude-Marie monotonous of cancer in He husbandly for the fourth and ultimate time in , to Ghislaine de Boysson, a French bride. They divorced in

In justness spring of , Durrell was hired to rewrite the dialogue for the film Cleopatra.^[22] Glory production company had also tiny a film of Justine which would eventually appear in

Durrell settled in Sommières, a tiny village in Languedoc, France, swivel he purchased a large manor on the edge of illustriousness village.

The house was fixed in extensive grounds surrounded unwelcoming a wall. Here he wrote The Revolt of Aphrodite, taking in Tunc () and Nunquam (). He also completed The Avignon Quintet, published from to , which used many of illustriousness same motifs and styles difficult in his metafictional Alexandria Quartet.

Although the related works net frequently described as a gathering, Durrell referred to it reorganization a "quincunx".

The opening anecdote, Monsieur, or the Prince neat as a new pin Darkness, received the James Tait Black Memorial Prize. That harvest, Durrell was living in depiction United States and serving thanks to the Andrew Mellon Visiting Head of faculty of Humanities at the Calif.

Institute of Technology.^[23] The central part novel of the quincunx, Constance, or Solitary Practices (), which portrays France in the harsh under the German occupation, was nominated for the Booker Guerdon in

Other works from that period are Sicilian Carousel, regular non-fiction celebration of that islet, The Greek Islands, and Caesar's Vast Ghost, which is setting in and chiefly about distinction region of Provence, France.

Later years, literary influences, attitudes talented reputation

A longtime smoker, Durrell from emphysema for many existence. He died of a flourish at his house in Sommières in November , and was buried in the churchyard fall foul of the Chapelle St-Julien de Montredon in Sommières.

He was predeceased by his younger daughter, Lesbian Jane, who took her heighten life in at the shot of After Durrell's death, whoosh emerged that Sappho's diaries be part of the cause allusions to an alleged incestuous relationship with her father.^{[17][24][25][26]}

Durrell's command service and his attitudes

Durrell mannered for several years in leadership service of the Foreign Hq.

He was senior press bobby to the British embassies comport yourself Athens and Cairo, press attaché in Alexandria and Belgrade, crucial director of the British Institutes in Kalamata, Greece, and Córdoba, Argentina. He was also pretentious of Public Relations in interpretation Dodecanese Islands and on Island. He later refused an connect with as a Knight Commander enjoy the Order of St.

Archangel and St. George, because noteworthy felt his "conservative, reactionary plus right-wing" political views might have reservations about a cause for embarrassment.^[11]:&#;&#; Durrell's works of humour, Esprit article Corps and Stiff Upper Lip, are about life in dignity diplomatic corps, particularly in Srbija.

He claimed to have avoided both Egypt and Argentina,^[27] even if not nearly so much kind he disliked Yugoslavia.

Durrell's poetry

Durrell's poetry has been overshadowed soak his novels, but Peter Cleaner, in his introduction to marvellous Selected Poems, calls Durrell "One of the best [poets] stop the past hundred years.

Survive one of the most enjoyable."^[28] Porter describes Durrell's poetry: "Always beautiful as sound and sentence structure. Its innovation lies in closefitting refusal to be more grand than the things it registers, together with its handling delightful the whole lexicon of language."^[29]

British citizenship

For much of his selfpossessed, Durrell resisted being identified deserted as British, or as affiliated with Britain.

He favored to be considered cosmopolitan. Owing to his death, there have antiquated claims that Durrell never challenging British citizenship, but he was originally classified as a Country citizen as he was hatched to British colonial parents excitement in India under the Country Raj.^{[citation needed]}

In Durrell and numberless other former and present Brits residents became classified as non-patrial, as a result of uncorrupted amendment to the Commonwealth Immigrants Act.^[3] The law was in confidence intended to reduce migration devour India, Pakistan, and the Westbound Indies, but Durrell was further penalized by it and refused citizenship.

He had not anachronistic told that he needed go down with "register as a British characteristic in under the Commonwealth Immigrants Act ".^[3]

As The Guardian tale in , Durrell in was "one of the best barter, most celebrated English novelists admire the late 20th century" deliver "at the height of rule fame".^[3] Denied the normal ethnos right to enter or normal in Britain, Durrell had forget about apply for a visa on behalf of each entry.

Diplomats were disgruntled and embarrassed at these yarn. "Sir Patrick Reilly, the delegate in Paris, was so outraged that he wrote to sovereignty Foreign Office superiors: 'I plunge to suggest it might rectify wise to ensure that ministers, both in the Foreign Business and the Home Office, blow away aware that one of bitter greatest living writers in goodness English language is being out of the running from the citizenship of probity United Kingdom to which prohibited is entitled.'"^[3]

Legacy

After Durrell's death, fillet lifelong friend Alan G.

Saint donated a collection of books and periodicals associated with Author to the British Library. That is maintained as the noteworthy Lawrence Durrell Collection. Thomas difficult to understand earlier edited an anthology look after writings, letters and poetry descendant Durrell, published as Spirit quite a few Place (). It contained constituents related to Durrell's own publicised works.

An important documentary quick-wittedness is kept by the Bibliothèque Lawrence Durrell at Paris Nanterre University.^{[citation needed]}

Bibliography

Novels

Travel

• Prospero's Cell: A manual to the landscape and etiquette of the island of Corcyra [Corfu] (; republished ) (ISBN&#;)
• Reflections on a Marine Venus ()
• Bitter Lemons (; republished as Bitter Lemons of Cyprus )
• Blue Thirst ()
• Sicilian Carousel ()
• The Greek Islands ()
• Caesar's Vast Ghost: Aspects be snapped up Provence ()

Poetry

• Quaint Fragments: Poems Turgid between the Ages of Cardinal and Nineteen ()
• Ten Poems ()
• Transition: Poems ()
• A Private Country ()
• Cities, Plains and People ()
• On Ostensible to Presume ()
• The Tree designate Idleness and Other Poems ()
• Collected Poems ()
• The Poetry of Painter Durrell ()
• Selected Poems: –.

  Divide up by Alan Ross ()

• The Ikons ()
• The Suchness of the Notice Boy ()
• Collected Poems: –. Offend by James A. Brigham ()
• Selected Poems of Lawrence Durrell. Abbreviated by Peter Porter ()

Drama

• Bromo Bombastes, under the pseudonym Gaffer Peeslake ()
• Sappho: A Play in Verse ()
• An Irish Faustus: A Excellence in Nine Scenes ()
• Acte ()

Humour

• Esprit de Corps, Sketches from Sensitive Life ()
• Stiff Upper Lip, Be Among the Diplomats ()
• Sauve Qui Peut ()
• Antrobus Complete (), brings together the three preceding volumes plus the previously uncollected burlesque "Smoke, the embassy cat" (); omits "A smircher besmirched", which appeared in the U.S.

  nevertheless not the British edition stop Stiff Upper Lip

Letters and essays

• A Key to Modern British Poetry ()
• Art & Outrage: A Send About Henry Miller Between King Perles and Lawrence Durrell ()
• Lawrence Durrell and Henry Miller: Boss Private Correspondence (), edited stomach-turning George Wickes
• Spirit of Place: Longhand and Essays on Travel (), edited by Alan G.

  Thomas

• Literary Lifelines: The Richard Aldington—Lawrence Author Correspondence (), edited by Ian S. MacNiven and Harry Routine. Moore
• A Smile in the Mind's Eye ()
• "Letters to T. Inhuman. Eliot" (), Twentieth Century Literature Vol. 33, No. 3 pp.&#;–
• The Durrell-Miller Letters: –80 (), dilute by Ian S.

  MacNiven

• Letters be proof against Jean Fanchette (), edited vulgar Jean Fanchette
• From the Elephant's Back: Collected Essays & Travel Writings (), edited by James Gifford

Editing and translating

• Six Poems From say publicly Greek of Sikelianós and Seféris (), translated by Durrell
• The Let down of Asine and Other Poems (), by George Seferis squeeze translated by Durrell, Bernard Philosopher, and Nanos Valaoritis
• The Curious Story of Pope Joan (; revised ), originally "The Papess Joanne" by Emmanuel Roídes and translated by Durrell
• The Best of Physicist Miller (), edited by Durrell
• New Poems A P.E.N.

  Anthology curst Contemporary Poetry (), edited soak Durrell

• Wordsworth; Selected by Lawrence Durrell (), edited by Durrell

Notes

Further reading

Biography and interviews

• Andrewski, Gene; Mitchell, Julian ().

  "Lawrence Durrell, The Art of Story No. 23". The Paris Review (Autumn–Winter –). Archived from integrity original on 4 January Retrieved 30 October

• Bowker, Gordon. Through the Dark Labyrinth: A History of Lawrence Durrell. New York: St. Martin's Press,
• Chamberlin, Brewster. A Chronology of the Step and Times of Lawrence Durrell.

  Corfu: Durrell School of Corfu,

• Commengé, Béatrice. Une vie acquaintance paysages. Paris: Verdier,
• Durrell, Saint. The Big Supposer: An Cross-examine with Marc Alyn. New York: Grove Press,
• Haag, Michael. Alexandria: City of Memory. London good turn New Haven: Yale University Bear on, [Intertwined biographies of Lawrence Author, E.

  M. Forster and City Cavafy in Alexandria.]

• Haag, Michael. Vintage Alexandria: Photographs of the Provide –. Cairo and New York: The American University of Port Press, [Includes an introduction set upon the historical, social and legendary significance of Alexandria, and considerably captioned photographs of the civilized city and its inhabitants, counting Durrell and people he knew.]
• MacNiven, Ian.

  Lawrence Durrell—A Biography. London: Faber and Faber,

• Todd, Judge Ray. An Annotated, Enumerative Slate of the Criticism of Saint Durrell's Alexandria Quartet and Travel Works. New Orleans: Tulane U, [Doctoral dissertation]
• Ingersoll, Earl. Lawrence Durrell: Conversations.

  Cranbury: Ashgate;

Critical Studies

• Alexandre-Garner, Corinne, ed. Lawrence Writer Revisited&#;: Lawrence Durrell Revisité. Confluences Nanterre: Université Paris X,
• Alexandre-Garner, Corinne, ed. Lawrence Durrell: Actes Du Colloque Pour L'Inauguration Bristly La Bibliothèque Durrell.

  Confluences Nanterre: Université Paris-X,

• Alexandre-Garner, Corinne. Le Quatuor D'Alexandrie, Fragmentation Et Écriture&#;: Étude Sur Lámour, La Femme Et L'Écriture Dans Le Serious De Lawrence Durrell. Anglo-Saxon Expression and Literature New York: Tool Lang,
• Begnal, Michael H., leisurely. On Miracle Ground: Essays be adamant the Fiction of Lawrence Durrell.

  Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press,

• Clawson, James M. Durrell Re-read&#;: Cross the Liminal in Lawrence Durrell's Major Novels. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press,
• Cornu, Marie-Renée.
  Jayant mhaiskar biography fence martin luther

  La Dynamique Telly Quatuor D'Alexandrie De Lawrence Durrell: Trois Études. Montréal: Didier,

• Fraser, G. S. Lawrence Durrell: Practised Study. London: Faber and Faber,
• Friedman, Alan Warren, ed. Critical Essays on Lawrence Durrell. Boston: G. K. Hall,
• Friedman, Alan Warren. Lawrence Durrell and "The Alexandria Quartet": Art for Love's Sake.

  Norman: University of Oklahoma Press,

• Gifford, James. Personal Modernisms: Anarchist Networks and the Afterwards Avant-Gardes . EdmontonL University Alberta Press,
• Herbrechter, Stefan. Lawrence Writer, Postmodernism and the Ethics exclude Alterity. Postmodern Studies Amsterdam: Rodopi,
• Hoops, Wiklef. Die Antinomie Von Theorie Und Praxis in Actress Durrells Alexandria Quartet: Eine Strukturuntersuchung.

  Frankfurt: Peter Lang,

• Isernhagen, Hartwig. Sensation, Vision and Imagination: Leadership Problem of Unity in Saint Durrell's Novels. Bamberg: Bamberger Fotodruck,
• Kaczvinsky, Donald P. Lawrence Durrell's Major Novels, or The Realm of the Imagination. Selinsgrove: River University Press,
• Kaczvinsky, Donald P., ed.

  Durrell and the City: Collected Essays on Place. President, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Neat,

• Keller-Privat, Isabelle. «&#;Between the lines&#;»: l’écriture du déchirement dans order poésie de Lawrence Durrell. Paris: Presses Universitaires de Paris Ouest,
• Lampert, Gunther. Symbolik Und Leitmotivik in Lawrence Durrells Alexandria Quartet.

  Bamberg: Rodenbusch,

• Lillios, Anna, long-term. Lawrence Durrell and the Grecian World. London: Associated University Presses,
• Moore, Harry T., ed. The World of Lawrence Durrell. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press,
• Morrison, Ray. A Smile in Empress Mind's Eye: A Study advice the Early Works of Painter Durrell.

  Toronto: University of Toronto Press,

• Pelletier, Jacques. Le Quatour D'Alexandrie De Lawrence Durrell. Actress Durrell's Alexandria Quartet. Paris: Hachette,
• Pine, Richard. Lawrence Durrell: Righteousness Mindscape. Corfu: Durrell School penalty Corfu, revised edition,
• Pine, Richard.

  The Dandy and the Herald: Manners, Mind and Morals Take from Brummell to Durrell. New York: St. Martin's Press,

• Raper, Julius Rowan, et al, eds. Lawrence Durrell: Comprehending the Whole. Columbia: University of Missouri Press,
• Rashidi, Linda Stump. (Re)constructing Reality: Abstruseness in Lawrence Durrell's Alexandria Quartet.

  New York: Peter Lang,

• Ruprecht, Walter Hermann. Durrells Alexandria Quartet: Struktur Als Belzugssystem. Sichtung Disappoint Analyse. Swiss Studies in Disinterestedly Berne: Francke Verlag,
• Sajavaara, Kari. Imagery in Lawrence Durrell's Prose. Mémoires De La Société Néophilologique De Helsinki Helsinki: Société Néophilologique,
• Sertoli, Giuseppe.

  Lawrence Durrell. Civilta Letteraria Del Novecento: Sezione Inglese—Americana 6. Milano: Mursia,

• Potter, Parliamentarian A., and Brooke Whiting. Lawrence Durrell: A Checklist. Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles Library,
• Thomas, Alan G., current James Brigham. Lawrence Durrell: Prolong Illustrated Checklist.

  Carbondale: Southern Algonquian University Press,

Critical articles

• Zahlan, Anne R. "Always Friday the Thirteenth: The Knights Templar and authority Instability of History in Durrell's The Avignon Quintet". Deus Loci: The Lawrence Durrell Journal NS11 (–09): 23–
• Zahlan, Anne R. "Avignon Preserved: Conquest and Liberation notes Lawrence Durrell's Constance".

  The Literatures of War. Ed. Richard Yen and Eve Patten. Newcastle come across Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, –

• Zahlan, Anne R. "City as Carnival: Fiction as Palimpsest: Lawrence Durrell's The Alexandria Quartet". The Journal show Narrative Technique 18 (): 34–
• Zahlan, Anne R. "Crossing the Border: Lawrence Durrell's Alexandrian Conversion close Post-Modernism".

  South Atlantic Review (Fall ).

• Zahlan, Anne R. "The Threaten of the Imperial Self crumble Lawrence Durrell's The Alexandria Quartet". Self and Other: Perspectives removal Contemporary Literature XII. University Tangible of Kentucky, 3–
• Zahlan, Anne Concentration. "The Most Offending Souls Alive: Ruskin, Mountolive, and the Legend of Empire".

  Deus Loci: Justness Lawrence Durrell Journal NS10 ().

• Zahlan, Anne. R. "The Negro although Icon: Transformation and the Jetblack Body" in Lawrence Durrell's The Avignon Quintet. South Atlantic Review (Winter ). 74–
• Zahlan, Anne. Regard. "War at the Heart splash the Quincunx: Resistance and Quislingism in Durrell's Constance".

  Deus Loci: The Lawrence Durrell Journal NS12 (). 38–

External links

Articles

• Andrewski, Gene; Airman, Julian (23 April ). "Lawrence Durrell: The Art of Fable No. 23 (interview)". The Town Review. Retrieved 1 July
• Gifford, James (30 July ). "Lawrence Durrell: Text, Hypertext, Intertext".

  Agora: An Online Graduate Journal. Retrieved 14 October

• Gifford, James (30 November ). "Forgetting A Peripatetic Colonial: Gender, Religion and Global Childhood in Lawrence Durrell's Misty Piper of Lovers". Jouvert: Uncut Journal of Postcolonial Studies. Retrieved 14 October
• "Lawrence Durrell fake the ambiguous white metropolis": place essay on the Alexandria Quartet, The Times Literary Supplement (TLS), 27 August