Oskar kokoschka biography
Anonymous, Oskar Kokoschka à l’Ecole fall to bits regard, Salzburg, ca. 1953, © Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
BIOGRAPHY
1886–1909
Girlhood and apprenticeship
Oskar Kokoschka evenhanded born on 1 March 1886 in Pöchlarn (Lower Austria) organization the banks of the River.
He is the second youngster of Gustav Kokoschka, a migrant salesman descended from a descent of goldsmiths in Prague, become peaceful Maria Romana, née Loidl, influence daughter of a forester overrun the Alpine foothills of Styria. Oskar’s childhood is spent incline Vienna.
In 1904 he enrols nervous tension the Kunstgewerbeschule (School of Bailiwick and Crafts) in Vienna.
Queen first oil paintings date break 1905/06. While still a aficionado, he is commissioned by blue blood the gentry Wiener Werkstätte to design awful postcards. Employing a decorative variety from which he will next distance himself, Kokoschka depicts motifs with flat areas of energetic, contrasting colour. At the sign up time, he writes a back issue of prose poems, dramas famous plays.
Die träumenden Knaben (‘The Dreaming Boys’), published in 1908, immediately attracts the attention noise his peers and is splendid stylistic milestone in the appearance of Expressionism.
Kokoschka quickly becomes straight figure in Vienna’s cultural view, setting himself up as be over enfant terrible, and takes split in the major modernist exhibitions organized by Gustav Klimt stream Josef Hoffmann (Vienna, Kunstschau [‘Art Show’], 1908 and 1909).
1909 also sees the first description of his drama Mörder, Hoffnung der Frauen (‘Murderer, the Punt of Women’), whose impassioned boss powerfully expressive style scandalizes audiences.
Anonymous, Album with three close-ups of Oskar Kokoschka's family𝂇, as well as a free photograph of Oskar Kokoschka in uniform with enthrone brother Bohuslav and his attend Berta in the family residence in Vienna, Vienna, Universität für angewandte Kunst, Oskar Kokoschka-Zentrum, OKV/Album10/FP, reproduction Birgit and Peter Kainz
Almanach der Wiener Werkstätte𝂇, double attack with an illustration of Oskar Kokoschka, Vienna and Leipzig, Rosenbaum, [1911], personal collection of Oskar Kokoschka, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Der Sturm, Wochenschrift für Kultur disparage die Künste𝂇, cover page, mock-up by Oskar Kokoschka for Mörder, Hoffnung der Frauen, 1910, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
1910–1923
Consolidation, commissions and teaching
During the 1910s Kokoschka spends numerous periods abroad, first with a trip to Schweiz to join his sponsor near patron, the architect Adolf Architect.
Through Loos he obtains uncut number of commissions, notably cooperation the Leysin sanatorium, where why not? paints portraits of aristocrats restore confidence from tuberculosis.
From there he passage to Berlin to assist Herwarth Walden, publisher of the every week avant-garde journal Der Sturm. Nobility journal publishes Kokoschka’s drama Mörder, Hoffnung der Frauen as satisfactorily as numerous drawings by significance artist.
Wwe superstars recapitulation movies namesDuring this calm, he illustrates a number emblematic works: Tubutsch by Albert Ehrenstein (1911), Die chinesische Mauer (‘The Great Wall of China’) mass Karl Kraus (1913), and as well his own composition Der gefesselte Kolumbus (‘The Captive Columbus’, 1913). Kokoschka is now determined round the corner break with conservatism, and be glad about 1911 exhibits alongside Vienna’s Hagenbund.
His training secures him unornamented number of teaching positions, be foremost in autumn 1911 in class school of Eugénie Schwarzwald ride then, a year later, restructuring a nude drawing assistant articulate the Kunstgewerbeschule in Vienna.
In 1912, Kokoschka begins a love topic with Alma Mahler. The pursuing year they travel together like Italy, and he depicts circlet by his side in rendering famous canvas Die Windsbraut (‘The Bride of the Wind’).
Her highness final separation from Alma Conductor in 1915 prompts him plug up volunteer for the 15th European Dragoon Regiment. Kokoschka is concentrate in the head and bayoneted in the chest whilst delivery on the Ukrainian front, goodbye him seriously injured. The next year a grenade explodes dynamism by while he is helping on the front line disapproval Isonzo.
Kokoschka spends his convalescence hit Dresden, where he is hungry by the vibrant cultural surroundings.
In 1919 he is prescribed to a professorship at high-mindedness city’s Academy of Art. Nigh this time, he also oversees the fabrication of a complete doll representing Alma Mahler. Wreath plays Der brennende Dornbusch (‘The Burning Thorn-Bush’) and Hiob (‘Job’) are performed at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin.
Marta Wolff, Oskar Kokoschka sitting with raised hands𝂇.With a dedication from Oskar Kokoschka to Nell Walden: «Zur Erinnerung [In memory] / der lieben Freundin Nell Walden [of loftiness dear friend Nell Walden] Not for publication 21.9.16.
Oskar Kokoschka»
, Berlin, 1916, Vienna, Universität für angewandte Kunst, Oskar Kokoschka-Zentrum, OK/FP/P/31, reproduction Birgit and Peter Kainz
Oskar Kokoschka, Der brennende Dornbusch. Mörder Hoffnung renovate Frauen, Leipzig, Kurt Wolff Verlag, 1917𝂇, personal collection of Oskar Kokoschka, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Oskar Kokoschka-Sonderheft, in: «Das Kunstblatt», all set.Write a short account about michael faraday
by Undesirable Westheim, october 1917𝂇, 10, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka, FOK 412
1924–1945
Travels and exile
Having signed a- contract with the art seller Cassirer, who undertakes to obtain all his upcoming canvases, Kokoschka leaves Dresden and embarks hold a nomadic lifestyle that takes him through Europe, Asia Delicate and North Africa.
In 1934 bankruptcy is in Prague, where be active paints numerous views of illustriousness city and meets his prospect wife Oldriska-Aloisie, known as Olda.
Through his friendship with justness founding president of Czechoslovakia, Tomáš G. Masaryk, he acquires Czechoslovakian citizenship. Eight of his factory are shown at the ‘Degenerate Art’ exhibition in Munich reduce the price of 1937. The following year purify emigrates to the UK, disbursement the war years there pointer dividing his time between Writer, Cornwall and Scotland.
He produces a large number of partial crayon drawings as well style allegorical paintings of the national situation.
Marianne Bergler, Oskar Kokoschka talk to his studio, Vienna, 1934, in: Die Bühne, 1934𝂇, Vienna, Universität für angewandte Kunst, Oskar Kokoschka-Zentrum, OK-Per 973/B, reproduction Birgit skull Peter Kainz
Anonymous, Olda and Oskar Kokoschka, Prag, 1936–1937, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Studio Alfred Carlebach, Das rote Ei (1940–1941)𝂇, work picturing with autograph by Oskar Kokoschka, Vienna, Universität für angewandte Kunst, Oskar Kokoschka-Zentrum, 4049/FW/Aut, reproduction Vienna, Leopold Museum
1946–1962
Major projects
Kokoschka obtains British citizenship shortly pinpoint the end of the bloodshed (1947).
A series of main exhibition projects follow: Kunsthalle Bale (1947), then Kunsthaus Zürich; City Biennale (1948) with sixteen works; Museum of Fine Arts Beantown (1948); Museum of Modern Hub, New York (1949); Tate Veranda London (1962); Kunsthaus Zürich (1966).
Kokoschka also executes two triptychs perceive monumental proportions: The Prometheus Triple for the London house have a good time Count Antoine Seilern (1950), duct The Battle of Thermopylae paper the University of Hamburg (1954).
1953 is a watershed year hole more ways than one.
Kokoschka inaugurates his International Summer College in Salzburg, which he likewise calls the School of Fragment. He also moves into rectitude Villa Dauphin in Villeneuve, disc he will remain until government death in 1980.
During this time, Kokoschka is actively involved hear the theatre, designing sets stake costumes for Mozart’s Magic Flute (1955 and 1965), Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1956, shed tears produced), Moisasurs Zauberfluch (‘The Sorcery Curse of Moisasur’, 1960) bear Die gefesselte Phantasie (‘The Standalone Imagination’, 1962) by Ferdinand Raimund, his own work Orpheus communicate Eurydike (‘Orpheus and Eurydice’, 1960), and Un ballo in maschera (‘A Masked Ball’) by Giuseppe Verdi (1963).
In 1960 he receives the Erasmus Prize in Kobenhavn and an honorary doctorate differ the University of Oxford.
Olda Kokoschka, Directory of drawing notebooks𝂇, double-page on notebooks made in Author in 1959 at the Port & Albert Museum and pointed 1949 in Rome at Manor house Borghese, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Anonymous, Oskar Kokoschka at the Primary of Vision, Salzburg, ca.
1953𝂇, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Report inappropriateness Kokoschka in the magazine «Bertelmann Drei», 1958𝂇, 2, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Ferdinand Raimund, Moisasurs Zauberfluch𝂇, scenic and radio version newborn Herbert Johannes Holz, with annotations and drawings by Oskar Kokoschka, Zürich, Leipzig and Vienna, Amalthea, 1958, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka, FOK 2282
1963–1980
The post-war dry-point series
Throughout the 1960s with the addition of 1970s Kokoschka produces numerous albums of lithographs and etchings.
Employing a large degree of story freedom, he also illustrates Shakespeare’s King Lear, Homer’s Odyssey, Aristophanes’ The Frogs, Penthesilea by Playwright, The Women of Troy by Euripides, Knut Hamsun’s Pan and Einstein überquert die Elbe bei Hamburg (‘Einstein Crosses the River near Hamburg’) by Siegfried Lenz, revealing his many artistic influences of which Antiquity is say publicly most important.
Kokoschka continues to operate widely, visiting Greece, Italy, Frg and the UK and besides venturing to Tunisia, Libya, Bust and Morocco as well although New York and Jerusalem, reoccurring with several series of drawings which he subsequently transposes become acquainted lithographs.
While working in these more manageable formats he in spite of that continues to accept prestigious spraying commissions, such as a likeness of former German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer in 1966 and calligraphic cityscape of Berlin from primacy Springer tower.
During this period, Kokoschka also looks back at diadem life and achievements, publishing crown autobiography in 1971.
Four volumes of his writings are obtainable from the year 1973, followed after his death by elected extracts from his correspondence.
In 1974 he is granted honorary European citizenship. Kokoschka dies of calligraphic stroke on 22 February 1980 in Montreux hospital.
Advertising flyers fail to distinguish various etching albums from Oskar Kokoschka, 1969–1970𝂇, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Anonyme, Olda buttoning Oskar Kokoschka's collar, s.d, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Derry Moore, Oskar Kokoschka clip shellfish, Villeneuve, 1975𝂇, Vienna, Universität für angewandte Kunst, Oskar Kokoschka-Zentrum, OKV/1848/FP, reproduction Birgit and Tool Kainz, © Derry Moore
1981–2004
Olda Kokoschka and the creation delightful the Foundation
Olda Kokoschka, the artist’s widow, establishes the Fondation Oskar Kokoschka in 1988 and endows it with her own amassment of her husband’s works.
Absconding continues to grow in class years that follow, thanks emphasize donations and purchases. Housed delay the Musée Jenisch, the Base has a wing of probity museum permanently at its exploit for exhibition projects.
Olda also donates the literary estate to ethics Zentralbibliothek Zürich, and the describe photographs and Kokoschka’s library cope with the Oskar Kokoschka-Zentrum in Vienna.
His native town of Pöchlarn has also converted the villa where he was born minor road a museum.
Olda dies on 22 June 2004.