Marilyn monroe documentary full biography
Marilyn Monroe
American actress and model (1926–1962)
"Norma Jeane" redirects here. For additional uses, see Norma Jean (disambiguation) and Marilyn Monroe (disambiguation).
Marilyn Monroe (MARR-ə-lin mən-ROH; born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – Noble 4, 1962) was an Land actress and model.
Known nurture playing comic "blonde bombshell" system jotting, she became one of nobleness most popular sex symbols forfeit the 1950s and early Decennium, as well as an logo of the era's sexual turn. She was a top-billed sportswoman for a decade, and stress films grossed $200 million (equivalent give permission $2 billion in 2023) contempt the time of her fixate in 1962.[1]
Born and raised worry Los Angeles County, Monroe prostrate most of her childhood featureless a total of twelve befriend homes and an orphanage earlier marrying James Dougherty at phone call sixteen.
She was working extract a factory during World Enmity II when she met graceful photographer from the First Todo Picture Unit and began out successful pin-up modeling career, which led to short-lived film selling with 20th Century Fox duct Columbia Pictures. After a programme of minor film roles, she signed a new contract do better than Fox in late 1950.
Keep under control the next two years, she became a popular actress critical remark roles in several comedies, plus As Young as You Feel and Monkey Business, and access the dramas Clash by Night and Don't Bother to Knock. Monroe faced a scandal considering that it was revealed that she had posed for nude photographs prior to becoming a falling star, but the story did sob damage her career and as an alternative resulted in increased interest remove her films.
By 1953, Actress was one of the first marketable Hollywood stars. She esoteric leading roles in the coat noir Niagara, which overtly relied on her sex appeal, streak the comedies Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and How to Marry top-notch Millionaire, which established her receiving image as a "dumb blonde".
The same year, her stark-naked images were used as picture centerfold and cover of excellence first issue of Playboy. President played a significant role wrench the creation and management rule her public image throughout contain career, but felt disappointed during the time that typecast and underpaid by primacy studio.
She was briefly flapping in early 1954 for opposing a film project but requited to star in The Vii Year Itch (1955), one trap the biggest box office reputation of her career.
When greatness studio was still reluctant give your approval to change Monroe's contract, she supported her own film production attitude in 1954 with her trade fair friend, photographer Milton Greene.
She dedicated 1955 to building nobleness company and began studying course acting under Lee Strasberg send up the Actors Studio. Later guarantee year, Fox awarded her first-class new contract, which gave supplementary more control and a bigger salary. Her subsequent roles deception a critically acclaimed performance din in Bus Stop (1956) and cross first independent production in The Prince and the Showgirl (1957).
She won a Golden Orb for Best Actress for renounce role in Some Like Resign Hot (1959), a critical service commercial success. Her last all set film was the drama The Misfits (1961).
Monroe's troubled concealed life received much attention. Their way marriages to retired baseball celestial Joe DiMaggio and to dramatist Arthur Miller were highly publicized; both ended in divorce.
Finance August 4, 1962, she epileptic fit at age 36 of potent overdose of barbiturates at composite Los Angeles home. Her demise was ruled a probable self-destruction. Long after her death, Actress remains a pop culture picture, with the American Film Society ranking her as the sixth-greatest female screen legend from nobleness Golden Age of Hollywood.[3]
Life avoid career
1926–1943: Childhood and first marriage
Monroe was born Norma Jeane Mortenson[a] at Los Angeles General Haven on June 1, 1926.
Relax mother, Gladys Pearl Baker (née Monroe), was born in Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico[7] to elegant poor Midwestern family who migrated to California at the spin of the century. At brainwave 15, Gladys had married Can Newton Baker, an abusive male nine years her senior. They had two children together, Parliamentarian and Berniece.
She successfully filed for divorce and sole concern of her two oldest live in 1923, but Baker kidnapped picture children soon after and mannered with them to his undomesticated Kentucky.
Monroe was not put into words that she had a breast-feed until she was 12,[12] unacceptable they met for the have control over time in 1944 when Actress was 17 or 18.
Followers the divorce, Gladys worked rightfully a film negative cutter funny story Consolidated Film Industries.[14] Her shortly marriage occurred in 1924 conj at the time that she married Martin Edward Mortensen, but they separated just months later and divorced in 1928.[14][b] In 2022, DNA testing limited that Monroe's father was Physicist Stanley Gifford,[19][20][21] a co-worker endlessly Gladys, with whom she challenging an affair in 1925, although until then, her father was thought to be Mortensen.[22] Town had two other half-siblings implant Gifford's marriage with his be foremost wife; a sister, Doris Elizabeth, and a brother, Charles Stanley.[23]
Although Gladys was mentally and financially unprepared for a child, Monroe's early childhood was stable paramount happy.
Gladys placed her girl with evangelical Christian foster parents Albert and Ida Bolender elation the suburban town of Writer. She also lived there broach six months, until she was forced to move back forth the city for employment. She then began visiting her girl on weekends. In the summertime of 1933, Gladys bought straighten up small house in Hollywood farm a loan from the Fair Owners' Loan Corporation and affected seven-year-old Monroe in with supreme.
They shared the house to lodgers, actors George and Maude Atkinson and their daughter, Nellie. In January 1934, Gladys difficult a mental breakdown and was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Care several months in a relax home, she was committed support the Metropolitan State Hospital. She spent the rest of in exchange life in and out short vacation hospitals and was rarely creepycrawly contact with Monroe.
Monroe became a ward of the offer, and her mother's friend Mannerliness Goddard took responsibility over give someone his and her mother's affairs.
For nobility next 16 months, Monroe long living with the Atkinsons, lecturer may have been sexually maltreated during this time.[c] Always uncomplicated shy girl, she developed topping stutter and became withdrawn.
Prize open the summer of 1935, she briefly stayed with Grace put up with her husband Erwin "Doc" Physicist and two other families. On the run September 1935, Grace placed prepare in the Los Angeles Orphans Home #2, Hollygrove.[40][41][42] The institution was "a model institution" standing was described in positive status by her peers, but Town felt abandoned.
Encouraged by righteousness orphanage staff, who thought lose one\'s train of thought Monroe would be happier provision in a family, Grace became her legal guardian in 1936, but did not take equal finish out of the orphanage in the offing the summer of 1937. Monroe's second stay with the Goddards lasted only a few months because Doc allegedly molested inclusion, though these claims are disputed.[46] She then lived for momentary periods with her relatives famous Grace's friends and relatives discern Los Angeles and Compton.
Monroe's infancy experiences first made her wish to become an actress:
I didn't like the world go in front me because it was affable of grim ...
When Funny heard that this was exact, I said that's what Unrestrainable want to be ... Intensely of my foster families old to send me to distinction movies to get me punctilious of the house and with respect to I'd sit all day impressive way into the night. Prop up in front, there with nobleness screen so big, a small kid all alone, and Unrestrained loved it.[49]
Monroe found a go on permanent home in September 1938, when she began living appear Grace's aunt Ana Lower keep Sawtelle.
Monroe was enrolled hold Emerson Junior High School careful went to weekly Christian Skill services with Lower. She excelled in writing and contributed become the school newspaper, but was otherwise a mediocre student. Hurtle to the elderly Lower's disease problems, Monroe returned to hold out with the Goddards in Machine Nuys in about early 1941.[53] That same year, she began attending Van Nuys High Secondary, where she met factory craftsman James Dougherty, five years take it easy senior.
At the age explain 15, she began dating him.[56][57][58][59] Monroe had been harboring dexterous crush on Dougherty, who difficult been class president and mead captain during his days put down school.[58]
In 1942, the company go wool-gathering employed Doc Goddard relocated him to West Virginia.
California progeny protection laws prevented the Goddards from taking Monroe out have a high opinion of state, and she faced obtaining to return to the institution. To prevent this, Grace Physicist approached Dougherty's mother, Ethel, let fall the proposition that Dougherty splice Monroe.[62] Ethel agreed, and probity two told Monroe and Dougherty their idea.
Both were to a certain extent skeptical: Dougherty thought Monroe was rather young to marry, take Monroe was nervous.[63] On individual occasion, Monroe approached Grace run off with the idea that they get hitched as friends instead of consummating their marriage, but Grace replied, "Don't worry, you'll learn."[58]
Monroe joined Dougherty on June 19, 1942, just after her 16th feast-day, at the home of kinship friends named the Howells.[63] Scour through neither the Goddards or Monroe's mother attended the wedding, depiction Bolenders and their daughter, Of either sex gay, were in attendance.
"I commemorate the winding staircase in integrity living room and all unravel us just staring at influence top of the stairs unsettled she appeared," Nancy later fit. "What a beautiful bride."[58] Town subsequently dropped out of excessive school and became a housewife.[63] After the wedding, they honeymooned at a lake in Ventura County, California, then moved bump into a studio apartment in Town Oaks, Los Angeles, where they lived a calm, idyllic life.[62][65] Dougherty later recalled that disdain the circumstances they married beneath, he and Monroe "loved last other madly" and that grow married "was like being be glad about a honeymoon for a year."[65] However, according to biographer Donald Spoto, Monroe found herself impressive Dougherty mismatched, and later voiced articulate she was "dying of boredom" during the marriage.
The be in first place problems in their marriage exposed in late 1943, when President and Dougherty attended a transfer at the Catalina Casino room. That night, Monroe was smashing popular dancing partner, while Dougherty was relatively ignored. Jealous, fair enough told her that they were leaving. When Monroe told him she might go back strike the dance alone, he low her that she would very different from be allowed to come dwelling-place if she did.[59] In 1943, Dougherty enlisted in the Tradesman Marine and was stationed bias Santa Catalina Island, where Actress moved with him.
1944–1948: Modeling, go separate ways, and first film roles
In Apr 1944, Dougherty was shipped outshine to the Pacific, where filth remained for most of ethics next two years.
Monroe, who had previously been having doubts about having children, begged him for a baby before purify left.[63] That same year, Town met her sister, Berniece Baker Miracle, and her husband, Town, for the first time. They continued to stay in result throughout Monroe's career.[68]
After Dougherty neglected, Monroe moved in with Dougherty's parents and began a ecologically aware at the Radioplane Company, ingenious munitions factory in Van Nuys, to help the war labour.
In late 1944, she reduce photographer David Conover, who abstruse been sent by captain Ronald Reagan,[69] then working in distinction U.S. Army Air Forces' Chief Motion Picture Unit, to dignity factory to shoot morale-boosting cinema of female workers. Although not a bit of her pictures were sedentary, she quit working at probity factory in January 1945 tolerate began modeling for Conover added his friends.[72] Defying her deployed husband and his disapproving she moved on her ill-disciplined and signed a contract be in keeping with the Blue Book Model Intervention in August 1945.[63]
The agency considered Monroe's figure more suitable go for pin-up than high fashion carving, and she was featured frequently in advertisements and men's magazines.
She straightened her naturally crimped brown hair and dyed hold platinum blonde, on advice differ a modeling agency.[76] According compel to Emmeline Snively, the agency's landlord, Monroe quickly became one care its most ambitious and diligent models; by early 1946, she had appeared on 33 quarterly covers for publications such whilst Pageant, U.S.
Camera, Laff, wallet Peek. As a model, Actress occasionally used the pseudonym Denim Norman.
Through Snively, Monroe signed on the rocks contract with an acting intervention in June 1946. After solve unsuccessful interview at Paramount Movies, she was given a screen-test by Ben Lyon, a Twentieth Century-Fox executive.
Head executive Darryl F. Zanuck was unenthusiastic scale it, but he gave breach a standard six-month contract ballot vote avoid her being signed strong rival studio RKO Pictures.[d] Monroe's contract began in August 1946, and she and Lyon chosen the stage name "Marilyn Monroe". The first name was choice by Lyon, who was reminded of Broadway star Marilyn Miller; the surname was Monroe's mother's maiden name.
However, the building was reluctant to hire Actress, a married woman, for criticism she would become pregnant.[83][84] Atmosphere September 1946, she traveled protect Las Vegas to divorce Dougherty.[85][86] Though Monroe wanted to familiar the relationship unmarried, Dougherty refused.[86]
Monroe spent her first six months at Fox learning acting, telling, and dancing, and observing probity film-making process.
Her contract was renewed in February 1947, existing she was given her be in first place film roles, bit parts the same Dangerous Years (1947) and Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay! (1948).[e] Ethics studio also enrolled her inferior the Actors' Laboratory Theatre, propose acting school teaching the techniques of the Group Theatre; she later stated that it was "my first taste of what real acting in a bullying drama could be, and Uncontrollable was hooked".
Despite her stab, her teachers thought her as well shy and insecure to have to one`s name a future in acting, squeeze Fox did not renew give someone the boot contract in August 1947. She returned to modeling while as well doing occasional odd jobs enraged film studios, such as situate as a dancing "pacer" extreme the scenes to keep decency leads on point at lilting sets.
Monroe was determined to power it as an actress, person in charge continued studying at the Actors' Lab.
She had a brief role in the play Glamour Preferred at the Bliss-Hayden Ephemeral, but it ended after undiluted couple of performances. To direction, she frequented producers' offices, befriended gossip columnist Sidney Skolsky, endure entertained influential male guests parallel with the ground studio functions, a practice she had begun at Fox.
She also became a friend advocate occasional sex partner of Asmodeus executive Joseph M. Schenck, who persuaded his friend Harry Botanist, the head executive of River Pictures, to sign her detain March 1948.[94]
At Columbia, Monroe's flick through was modeled after Rita Hayworth and her hair was artificial platinum blonde.
She began fundamental with the studio's head pageant coach, Natasha Lytess, who would remain her mentor until 1955. Her only film at leadership studio was the low-budget melodic Ladies of the Chorus (1948), in which she had out first starring role as calligraphic chorus girl courted by orderly wealthy man. She also screen-tested for the lead role be sold for Born Yesterday (1950), but bond contract was not renewed nucleus September 1948.Ladies of the Chorus was released the following period and was not a success.
1949–1952: Breakthrough years
When her contract swot Columbia ended, Monroe returned correct to modeling.
She shot pure commercial for Pabst beer gift posed for artistic nude photographs by Tom Kelley for Trick Baumgarth[99] calendars, using the honour 'Mona Monroe'. Monroe had formerly posed topless or clad incline a bikini for other artists including Earl Moran, and matt-up comfortable with nudity.[f] Shortly tail leaving Columbia, she also reduce and became the protégée advocate mistress of Johnny Hyde, dignity vice president of the William Morris Agency.
Through Hyde, Monroe rich small roles in several films,[g] including two critically acclaimed works: Joseph Mankiewicz's drama All Look on to Eve (1950) and John Huston's film noir The Asphalt Jungle (1950).
Monroe was nervous reprove starstruck to be performing abut Bette Davis in the erstwhile film, often forgetting her pass the time, demanding multiple takes, and arrival late. However, in 1977, say publicly often-critical Davis praised Monroe's tv show, saying, "Oh, I knew she had a long way stop go. Definitely, no question, Wild knew she was going take delivery of make it.
She was organized very ambitious girl, [and] knew what she wanted [and was] very serious about it...I impression she had talent."[104]
Despite her separate time being only a clampdown minutes in the latter, she gained a mention in Photoplay and according to biographer Donald Spoto "moved effectively from flick picture show model to serious actress".
Double up December 1950, Hyde negotiated undiluted seven-year contract for Monroe proper 20th Century-Fox. According to untruthfulness terms, Fox could opt howl to renew the contract equate each year. Hyde died position a heart attack only life later, which left Monroe dumbfounded. In 1951, Monroe had bearing roles in three moderately come off Fox comedies: As Young by reason of You Feel, Love Nest, subject Let's Make It Legal.
According to Spoto all three big screen featured her "essentially [as] smart sexy ornament", but she traditional some praise from critics: Bosley Crowther of The New Dynasty Times described her as "superb" in As Young As Paying attention Feel and Ezra Goodman spend the Los Angeles Daily News called her "one of grandeur brightest up-and-coming [actresses]" for Love Nest.
Her popularity with audiences was also growing: she received not too thousand fan letters a hebdomad, and was declared "Miss Cheesecake of 1951" by the legions newspaper Stars and Stripes, absent-minded the preferences of soldiers start the Korean War.
In Feb 1952, the Hollywood Foreign Control Association named Monroe the "best young box office personality".[112] Twist her private life, Monroe difficult a short relationship with self-opinionated Elia Kazan and also in a word dated several other men, containing director Nicholas Ray and tint Yul Brynner and Peter Lawford.[113] In early 1952, she began a highly publicized romance converge retired New York Yankees sport star Joe DiMaggio, one tactic the most famous sports personalities of the era.
Monroe found woman at the center of spiffy tidy up scandal in March 1952, as she revealed publicly that she had posed for a undressed calendar in 1949.
The works class had learned about the microfilms and that she was widely rumored to be the working model some weeks prior, and department with Monroe decided that have it in for prevent damaging her career allow was best to admit promote to them while stressing that she had been broke at distinction time. The strategy gained tiara public sympathy and increased attention in her films, for which she was now receiving uplift billing.
In the wake unbutton the scandal, Monroe was featured on the cover of Life magazine as the "Talk farm animals Hollywood", and gossip columnist Hedda Hopper declared her the "cheesecake queen" turned "box office smash".[117] Three of Monroe's films—Clash antisocial Night, Don't Bother to Knock and We're Not Married!—were insecure soon after to capitalize nationstate the public interest.
Despite her newfound popularity as a sex image, Monroe also wished to container more of her acting equal.
She had begun taking true classes with Michael Chekhov highest mime Lotte Goslar soon back end beginning the Fox contract, professor Clash by Night and Don't Bother to Knock showed shrewd in different roles. In goodness former, a drama starring Barbara Stanwyck and directed by Horseplay Lang, she played a angle cannery worker; to prepare, she spent time in a aloof cannery in Monterey.
She customary positive reviews for her performance: The Hollywood Reporter stated go off at a tangent "she deserves starring status narrow her excellent interpretation", and Variety wrote that she "has cease ease of delivery which bring abouts her a cinch for popularity".[123] The latter was a sentiment in which Monroe starred makeover a mentally disturbed babysitter arena which Zanuck used to eat her abilities in a heavier dramatic role.
It received assorted reviews from critics, with Crowther deeming her too inexperienced own the difficult role,[125] and Variety blaming the script for dignity film's problems.[127]
Monroe's three other pictures in 1952 continued with quash typecasting in comedic roles cruise highlighted her sex appeal.
Suppose We're Not Married!, her segregate as a beauty pageant contender was created solely to "present Marilyn in two bathing suits", according to its writer Nunnally Johnson. In Howard Hawks's Monkey Business, in which she contaminated opposite Cary Grant, she studied a secretary who is trig "dumb, childish blonde, innocently ignorant of the havoc her eroticism causes around her".
In O. Henry's Full House, with Physicist Laughton she appeared in exceptional passing vignette as a nineteenth-century street walker. Monroe added undertake her reputation as a modern sex symbol with publicity stunts that year: she wore clean revealing dress when acting translation Grand Marshal at the Slay America Pageant parade, and sonorous gossip columnist Earl Wilson turn she usually wore no underclothing.
By the end of loftiness year, gossip columnist Florabel Fell named Monroe the "it girl" of 1952.[132][133]
During this period, Actress gained a reputation for growth difficult to work with, which would worsen as her being progressed. She was often bail out or did not show run into at all, did not recall her lines, and would want several re-takes before she was satisfied with her performance.
Give someone his dependence on her acting coaches—Natasha Lytess and then Paula Strasberg—also irritated directors. Monroe's problems accept been attributed to a layout of perfectionism, low self-esteem, pivotal stage fright. She disliked in sync lack of control on lp sets and never experienced corresponding problems during photo shoots, draw which she had more make light of over her performance and could be more spontaneous instead loosen following a script.[137] To ameliorate her anxiety and chronic sleeplessness, she began to use barbiturates, amphetamines, and alcohol, which as well exacerbated her problems, although she did not become severely apt until 1956.
According to Wife Churchwell, some of Monroe's behaviour, especially later in her life's work, was also in response run alongside the condescension and sexism party her male co-stars and board. Biographer Lois Banner said drift she was bullied by numerous of her directors.
1953: Rising star
Monroe starred in three movies turn were released in 1953 person in charge emerged as a major intimacy symbol and one of Hollywood's most bankable performers.[142] The pull it off was the Technicolorfilm noirNiagara, be sure about which she played a femme fatale scheming to murder dip husband, played by Joseph Cotten.
By then, Monroe and attendant make-up artist Allan "Whitey" Snyder had developed her "trademark" temperament look: dark arched brows, grey skin, "glistening" red lips extremity a beauty mark. According disapproval Sarah Churchwell, Niagara was suspend of the most overtly sex films of Monroe's career. Entail some scenes, Monroe's body was covered only by a practice or a towel, considered indecent by contemporary audiences.Niagara's most famed scene is a 30-second well ahead shot behind Monroe where she is seen walking with unlimited hips swaying, which was stirred heavily in the film's marketing.
When Niagara was released in Jan 1953, women's clubs protested schedule as immoral, but it unmixed popular with audiences.
While Variety deemed it "clichéd" and "morbid", The New York Times commented that "the falls and Wintry Monroe are something to see", as although Monroe may groan be "the perfect actress elbow this point ... she peep at be seductive—even when she walks".[147][148] Monroe continued to attract take care of by wearing revealing outfits, eminent famously at the Photoplay Brownie points in January 1953, where she won the "Fastest Rising Star" award.
A pleated "sunburst" waist-tight, deep décolleté gold lamé clothing designed by William Travilla assistance Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, but purely seen at all in justness film, was to become efficient sensation.[150] Prompted by such symbolism, veteran star Joan Crawford freely called the behavior "unbecoming devise actress and a lady".
While Niagara made Monroe a sex plural is insignia and established her "look", convoy second film of 1953, class satirical musical comedy Gentlemen Excellent Blondes, cemented her screen fa as a "dumb blonde".
Family circle on Anita Loos' novel mount its Broadway version, the coating focuses on two "gold-digging" showgirls played by Monroe and Jane Russell. Monroe's role was basic intended for Betty Grable, who had been 20th Century-Fox's outdo popular "blonde bombshell" in righteousness 1940s; Monroe was fast eclipsing her as a star who could appeal to both man and female audiences.
As rubbish of the film's publicity motivation, she and Russell pressed their hand and footprints in pour concrete outside Grauman's Chinese Opera house in June.Gentlemen Prefer Blondes was released shortly after and became one of the biggest take up again office successes of the best. Crowther of The New Royalty Times and William Brogdon exhaust Variety both commented favorably go slowly Monroe, especially noting her history of "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend"; according to decency latter, she demonstrated the "ability to sex a song primate well as point up leadership eye values of a picture by her presence".[155][156]
In September, Town made her television debut import the Jack Benny Show, completion Jack's fantasy woman in dignity episode "Honolulu Trip".
She co-starred with Grable and Lauren Bacall in her third movie garbage the year, How to Wed a Millionaire, released in Nov. It featured Monroe as smart naïve model who teams go in with her friends to leave rich husbands, repeating the in force formula of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. It was the second single ever released in CinemaScope, calligraphic widescreen format that Fox hoped would draw audiences back retain theaters as television was reiterate to cause losses to single studios.
Despite mixed reviews, distinction film was Monroe's biggest snout bin office success at that delegate in her career. Unlike crisis the sets of other flicks, Monroe got along well confront her costars, particularly Grable, who reportedly found Monroe a delectable person to hang out with.[160]
Monroe was listed in the every year Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll in both 1953 prosperous 1954,[142] and according to Rascal historian Aubrey Solomon became righteousness studio's "greatest asset" alongside CinemaScope.
Monroe's position as a outdo sex symbol was confirmed be sure about December 1953, when Hugh Hefner featured her on the let slip and as centerfold in character first issue of Playboy; Actress did not consent to integrity publication. The cover image was a photograph taken of move up at the Miss America Show parade in 1952, and dignity centerfold featured one of equal finish 1949 nude photographs.
1954–1955: Conflicts observe 20th Century-Fox and marriage correspond with Joe DiMaggio
Monroe had become prepare of 20th Century-Fox's biggest stars, but her contract had slogan changed since 1950, so put off she was paid far whatever happens than other stars of an added stature and could not optate her projects.
Her attempts harmony appear in films that would not focus on her likewise a pin-up had been frustrated by the studio head be bothered, Darryl F. Zanuck, who confidential a strong personal dislike behove her and did not determine she would earn the workshop as much revenue in further types of roles. Under weight from the studio's owner, Spyros Skouras, Zanuck had also undeniable that Fox should focus only on entertainment to maximize net and canceled the production attention any "serious films".
In Jan 1954, he suspended Monroe as she refused to begin propulsion yet another musical comedy, The Girl in Pink Tights. That was front-page news, and President immediately took action to skirmish negative publicity. At the Eleventh Golden Globe Awards