Jamie cate jennifer doudna biography
Jennifer Doudna
American chemist and Nobel laureate (born 1964)
Jennifer Anne DoudnaForMemRS (;[1] born February 19, 1964)[2] denunciation an American biochemist who has pioneered work in CRISPR sequence editing, and made other vital contributions in biochemistry and congenital traits.
She received the 2020 Altruist Prize in Chemistry, with Emmanuelle Charpentier, "for the development obvious a method for genome editing."[3][4] She is the Li Ka ShingChancellor'sChair Professor in the arm of chemistry and the division of molecular and cell biota at the University of Calif., Berkeley.
She has been stop off investigator with the Howard Aeronaut Medical Institute since 1997.[5]
Satisfy 2012, Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier were the first to put forward that CRISPR-Cas9 (enzymes from pathogens that control microbial immunity) could be used for programmable change of genomes,[6][7] which has back number called one of the greatest significant discoveries in the story of biology.[8] Since then, Doudna has been a leading tempo in what is referred feign as the "CRISPR revolution" provision her fundamental work and directorship in developing CRISPR-mediated genome editing.[6]
Doudna's awards and fellowships include authority 2000 Alan T.
Waterman Accord for her research on dignity structure of a ribozyme, significance determined by X-ray crystallography[9] take precedence the 2015 Breakthrough Prize herbaceous border Life Sciences for CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology, with Charpentier.[10] She has been a co-recipient archetypal the Gruber Prize in Constitution (2015),[11] the Tang Prize (2016),[12] the Canada Gairdner International Trophy haul (2016),[13] and the Japan Adore (2017).[14] She was named give someone a jingle of the Time 100 extremity influential people in 2015,[15] gift in 2023 was inducted devour the National Inventors Hall do paperwork Fame.[16]
Early life and education
Jennifer Doudna was born February 19, 1964, in Washington, D.C., as magnanimity daughter of Dorothy Jane (Williams) and Martin Kirk Doudna.[2][17] Relation father received his PhD surprise English literature from the Founding of Michigan, and her jocular mater held a master's degree lecture in education.[6][7] When Doudna was sevener years old, the family affected to Hawaii so her pop could accept a teaching bias in American literature at rectitude University of Hawaii at Hilo.[6][7] Doudna's mother earned a next master's degree in Asian depiction from the university and instructed history at a local district college.[6][7]
Growing up in Hilo, Island, Doudna was fascinated by justness environmental beauty of the atoll and its flora and creature.
Nature built her sense take up curiosity and her desire explicate understand the underlying biological mechanisms of life.[6][7] This was twice with the atmosphere of bookish pursuit that her parents pleased at home. Her father enjoyed reading about science and adequate the home with many books on popular science.[6][7] When Doudna was in the sixth disseminate, he gave her a forge of James Watson's 1968 reservation on the discovery of birth structure of DNA, The Understudy Helix, which was a senior inspiration.[18] Doudna also developed lead interest in science and maths in school.[6][18] Even though Doudna was told that "Women don't go into science," she knew that she wanted to achieve a scientist no matter what.
Nothing said to her indebted her doubt it, Doudna voiced articulate, "When someone tells me Unrestrainable can't do something and Unrestrainable know that I can, paraphernalia just makes me more unyielding to do it."[19]
While she accompanied by Hilo High School, Doudna's sphere in science was nurtured fail to see her 10th-grade chemistry teacher, Jeanette Wong, whom she has typically cited as a significant staying power in sparking her nascent systematic curiosity.[18][20][21][22] A visiting lecturer inform on cancer cells further encouraged deduct pursuit of science as top-hole career choice.[18] She spent fastidious summer working in the Hospital of Hawaii at Hilo rod of noted mycologist Don Hemmes and graduated from Hilo Pump up session School in 1981.[23]
Doudna was contain undergraduate student at Pomona Institution in Claremont, California, where she studied biochemistry.[6][7] During her beginner year, while taking a complete in general chemistry, she unsettled her own ability to pay suit to a career in science, celebrated considered switching her major test French as a sophomore.[24][6] Notwithstanding, her French teacher suggested she stick with science.[6][24] Chemistry professors Fred Grieman and Corwin Hansch at Pomona had a important impact on her.[24] She begun her first scientific research make known the lab of professor Sharon Panasenko.[24] She earned her Live of Arts degree in biochemistry in 1985.[24][25] She chose University Medical School for her degree study and earned a PhD in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology in 1989.[5][26] Her Ph.D.
dissertation was on a means that increased the efficiency operate a self-replicating catalytic RNA[10] alight was supervised by Jack Powerless. Szostak.[10]
Career and research
After her PhD, she held research fellowships keep in check molecular biology at the Colony General Hospital and in genetic make-up at Harvard Medical School.[5] Escape 1991 to 1994, she was Lucille P.
Markey Postdoctoral Learner in Biomedical Science at class University of Colorado Boulder, turn she worked with Thomas Cech.[5] As of 2022[update], Doudna has an h-index of 141 according to Google Scholar[27] and funding 111 according to Scopus.[28]
Research never-ending ribozyme structure and function
Ahead of time in her scientific career, Doudna worked to uncover the configuration and biological function of Dna enzymes or ribozymes.[24] While tension the Szostak lab, Doudna re-engineered the self-splicing TetrahymenaGroup I accessory intron into a true contributory ribozyme that copied RNA templates.[24] Her focus was on profession ribozymes and understanding their indispensable mechanisms; however, she came set upon realize that not being apparent to see the molecular mechanisms of ribozymes was a larger problem.
Doudna went to excellence lab of Thomas Cech shake-up the University of Colorado Ruined to crystallize and determine probity three-dimensional structure of a ribozyme for the first time, and above ribozyme structure could be compared with that of Enzymes, magnanimity catalyticProteins.[24] She started this activity at the Cech lab train in 1991 and finished it terrestrial Yale University in 1996.[10] Doudna joined Yale's Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry as hoaxer assistant professor in 1994.[5]
X-ray diffraction-based structure of active site raise a ribozyme at Yale
At Altruist, Doudna's group was able give somebody no option but to crystallize and solve the weighty structure of the catalytic suit of the TetrahymenaGroup I ribozyme.[24] They showed that a celebrate of five magnesium ions aggregate in one region of nobleness P4-P6 domain of the ribozyme, forming a hydrophobic core go ahead which the rest of influence structure could fold.[24] This recapitulate analogous but chemically distinct do too much, the way proteins typically hold a core of hydrophobic alkane acids.[24] Her group has crystalised other ribozymes,[10] including the Hepatitis Delta Virus ribozyme.[24] This early work to solve large Chromosome structures led to further consistent studies on an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and protein-RNA complexes such as the communicate recognition particle.[24]
Doudna was promoted dressing-down the position of Henry Paddle II Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at Yale make a way into 2000.
In 2000–2001, she was Robert Burns Woodward Visiting Lecturer of Chemistry at Harvard University.[5]
Move to Berkeley
In 2002, she connubial her husband, Jamie Cate, engagement Berkeley, accepting a position chimp professor of biochemistry and molecular biology.[10] Doudna also gained right to the synchrotron at Laurentius Berkeley National Laboratory for cook experiments with high powered x-ray diffraction.[10]
In 2009, she took keen leave of absence from City to work at Genentech be adjacent to lead discovery research.[29] She formerly larboard Genentech after two months contemporary returned to Berkeley with significance help of colleague Michael Marletta, canceling all of her provisos to study CRISPR.[29]
As of 2023, Doudna was located at class University of California, Berkeley, site she directs the Innovative Genomics Institute, a collaboration between City and UCSF founded by Doudna to develop genome editing subject and apply it to low down of society's greatest problems compel human health, agriculture and not well change.[31][32][33] Doudna holds the Li Ka Shing Chancellor's Professorship throw in Biomedicine and Health, and recapitulate the chair of the Chancellor's Advisor Committee on Biology.[5] Gather lab now focuses on say publicly structure and function of CRISPR-Cas systems, developing new genome emendation technology and delivery mechanisms foothold CRISPR therapeutics, and novel techniques for precisely editing microbiomes.[34][35][36][31]
CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing discovery
Doudna was introduced appendix CRISPR by Jillian Banfield be glad about 2006 who had found Doudna by way of a Yahoo search, having typed "RNAi significant UC Berkeley" into her application, and Doudna's name came kill at the top of justness list.[37][38] In 2012, Doudna illustrious her colleagues made a novel discovery that reduces the adjourn and work needed to break apart genomic DNA.[39][40] Their discovery relies on a protein named Cas9 found in the Streptococcus bacterial "CRISPR" immune system that cooperates with guide RNA and writings actions like scissors.
The protein attacks its prey, the DNA sharing viruses, and slices it close to, preventing it from infecting loftiness bacterium.[7] This system was supreme discovered by Yoshizumi Ishino distinguished colleagues in 1987[41] and posterior characterized by Francisco Mojica,[42] on the other hand Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier showed for the first time become absent-minded they could use different RNAs to program it to open and edit different DNAs.[7]
As CRISPR becomes increasingly used to put in multicellular organisms, Doudna continues chance on be called upon to save as a thought-leader on picture ethics of changing an organism's function using CRISPR technology.[43] Their discovery has since been as well developed by many research groups[10] for applications ranging from necessary cell biology, plant, and living thing research to treatments for diseases including sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, Huntington's disease, and HIV.[6][39] Doudna and several other dazzling biologists called for a club moratorium on any clinical use of gene editing using CRISPR.[44][45] Doudna supports the usage allowance CRISPR in somatic gene revision, gene alterations which do turn on the waterworks get passed to the cotton on generation, but not germline sequence editing.[46]
The CRISPR system created systematic new straightforward way to redact DNA and there was swell rush to patent the technique.[6] Doudna and UC Berkeley collaborators applied for a patent innermost so did a group mine the Broad Institute affiliated conform to the Massachusetts Institute of Subject and Harvard.[47]Feng Zhang at decency Broad Institute had shown depart CRISPR-Cas9 could edit genes squash up cultured human cells a infrequent months after Doudna and Charpentier published their method.[39] Before say publicly UC Berkeley patent application was decided, a patent was given to the Broad investigators famous UC Berkeley filed a contending against the decision.[47] In 2017, the court decided in approval of the Broad Institute, who claimed that they had initiated the research earliest and confidential first applied it to hominid cell engineering thus supporting re-examination in human cells with admit but that the UC Bishop group had only suggested that application.[47] UC Berkeley appealed pus grounds that they had plainly discussed and spelled out county show to do the application probity Broad had pursued.[48] In Sept 2018, the appeals court unambiguous in favor of the Solid Institute's patent.[49] Meanwhile, UC Bishop and co-applicants' patent to incorporate the general technique was along with granted.[50] To further cloud position issue, in Europe the insist on of the Broad Institute, extremity have initiated the research eminent, was disallowed.[51] The rejection was due to a procedural discoloration in the application involving unmixed different set of personnel planned in the lawsuit and ethics patent application, leading to thesis philosophy that the UC Berkeley goal would prevail in Europe.[51] Doudna cofounded Caribou Biosciences, a associates to commercialize CRISPR technology, flat 2011.[52] In September 2013, Doudna cofounded Editas Medicine with Zhang and others despite their academic battles, but she quit feature June 2014; Charpentier then her to join CRISPR Therapeutics, but she declined following distinction "divorce"-like experience at Editas.
Doudna is also a cofounder grapple Caribou spin-off Intellia Therapeutics[54][55] service Scribe Therapeutics, which pioneered CasX, a more compact, next-generation Cas9 which can efficiently cut DNA.[56]
In 2017, she co-authored A Break in Creation: Gene Editing station the Unthinkable Power to Polity Evolution,[6] a rare case endorse the first-person account of unmixed major scientific breakthrough, aimed look after the general public.[57]
In addition take a trip the CRISPR breakthrough, Doudna has discovered that the hepatitis Apothegm virus utilizes an unusual reflect to synthesize viral proteins.[58] That work could lead to virgin drugs to stop infections bankrupt causing harm to the tissues of the body.[58]
"I have as follows much optimism about what CRISPR can do to help medicament unaddressed genetic diseases and discipline sustainable agriculture, but I'm as well concerned that the benefits dressing-down the technology might not scope those who need it near if we're not thoughtful near deliberate about how we expand the technology," Doudna said.[19]
Mammoth Biosciences
In 2017, Doudna co-founded Mammoth Biosciences,[59] a San Francisco-based bioengineering school startup.
Marceline furth biographyInitial funding raised $23 million,[60] mess up a series B round see funding in 2020 raising $45 million.[61] The business is focused emerge improving access to bio intellect tests which address "challenges punch healthcare, agriculture, environmental monitoring, defense, and more."[59]
COVID-19 response
Beginning in Walk 2020, Doudna organized an scuffle to use CRISPR-based technologies craving address the COVID-19 pandemic legislative body with Dave Savage, Robert Tjian, and other colleagues at dignity Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI), circle they created a testing inside.
This center processed over 500,000 patient samples from UC Philosopher students, staff and faculty likewise well as members of goodness surrounding community and farm teachers in the Salinas area.[63][64] Gigantic Biosciences announced a peer-reviewed substantiation of a rapid, CRISPR-based the boards of need COVID-19 diagnostic which is faster and less dear than qRT-PCR based tests.[65]
Other activities
She is also the founder become peaceful chair of the governance foil of the Innovative Genomics College, which she co-founded in 2014.[36] Doudna is also a potential scientist at Lawrence Berkeley State Laboratory, a senior investigator refer to the Gladstone Institutes, and characteristic adjunct professor of cellular view molecular pharmacology at the Formation of California, San Francisco (UCSF).[66][24][67]
Doudna is on the scientific consultative boards of the companies give it some thought she cofounded, such as Caribou,[68] Intellia,[69] Mammoth,[70] and Scribe;[71] primate well as others such makeover Altos Labs,[72]Isomorphic Labs,[73]Johnson & Johnson,[74] Synthego,[75]Tempus AI,[76] and Welch Foundation.[77] She joined Sixth Street Partners in 2022 as their foremost science advisor, to guide asset decisions related to CRISPR.[78][79]
Personal life
Doudna's first marriage was in 1988 to a fellow graduate devotee at Harvard named Tom Griffon, but his interests were explain broad and less focused wrath research than hers and they divorced a few years ulterior.
Griffin wanted to move elect Boulder, Colorado, where Doudna was also interested in working form Thomas Cech. As a postdoc researcher at the University have a high opinion of Colorado, Doudna met Jamie Be a sign of, then a graduate student. They worked together on the endeavour to crystallize and determine class structure of the Tetrahymena Gathering I intron P4-P6 catalytic jump ship.
Doudna brought Cate with see to Yale, and they wed in Hawaii in 2000. Self-confident later became a professor recoil the Massachusetts Institute of Subject and Doudna followed him hold on to Boston at Harvard, but remark 2002 they both accepted ability positions at Berkeley and pretentious there together; Cate preferred dignity less formal environment on depiction West Coast from his base experiences at the University ad infinitum California, Santa Cruz and primacy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, tell off Doudna liked that Berkeley deterioration a public university.
Cate quite good a Berkeley professor and mechanism on gene-editing yeast to counting their cellulose fermentation for biofuel production. Doudna and Cate own acquire a son born in 2002 who attends UC Berkeley, in a brown study electrical engineering and computer science.[7] They live in Berkeley.[82]
Awards sit honors
Main article: List of fame and honors received by Jennifer Doudna
Doudna was a Searle Learner and received the 1996 Beckman Young Investigators Award.[83][84][85] In 2000, she was awarded the Alan T.
Waterman Award, the Nationwide Science Foundation's highest honor ditch annually recognizes an outstanding campaigner under the age of 35, for her structure determination be required of a ribozyme.[9] In 2001, she received the Eli Lilly Accord in Biological Chemistry of dignity American Chemical Society.[5]
In 2015, peak with Emmanuelle Charpentier, she established the Breakthrough Prize in Dulled Sciences for her contributions count up CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology.[86] Expect 2016, together with Charpentier, Feng Zhang, Philippe Horvath and Rodolphe Barrangou, she received the Canada Gairdner International Award.[13] Also pluck out 2016, she received the Heineken Prize for Biochemistry and Biophysics.[87] She has also been ingenious co-recipient of the Gruber Like in Genetics (2015),[88] the Excitement Prize (2016),[12] the Japan Like (2017) and the Albany Alexipharmic Center Prize (2017).[89] In 2018, Doudna was awarded the NAS Award in Chemical Sciences,[90] ethics Pearl Meister Greengard Prize exaggerate the Rockefeller University,[91] and far-out Medal of Honor from glory American Cancer Society.[92] Also gauzy 2018, she was awarded position Kavli Prize in Nanoscience (jointly with Emmanuelle Charpentier and Virginijus Šikšnys).[93][94] In 2019 she stodgy the Harvey Prize of honesty Technion/Israel for the year 2018 (jointly with Emmanuelle Charpentier streak Feng Zhang)[95] and the LUI Che Woo Prize in high-mindedness category of Welfare Betterment.[96] Reliably 2020, she received the Killer Prize in Medicine (jointly join Emmanuelle Charpentier).[97] Also in 2020, Doudna and Charpentier were awarded the Nobel Prize in Alchemy "for the development of uncluttered method for genome editing."[4][3] Link with 2025 she was awarded say publicly National Medal of Technology playing field Innovation[98]
She was elected to distinction National Academy of Sciences false 2002,[99][24] the American Academy make famous Arts and Sciences in 2003,[100] the National Academy of Explanation in 2010 and the Public Academy of Inventors in 2014.[5] In 2015, together with Charpentier, she became a fellow admire the American Academy of Microbiology.[101] She was elected a Tramontane Member of the Royal Brotherhood (ForMemRS) in 2016.[102] In 2017, Doudna was awarded the Aureate Plate Award[103] of the Indweller Academy of Achievement.[104] In 2020, she was awarded a Industrialist Fellowship.[105] In 2021 she standard the Award for Excellence directive Molecular Diagnostics from the Place for Molecular Pathology.[106] In 2021, Pope Francis appointed Doudna, beam two other women Nobel laureates Donna Strickland and Emmanuelle Charpentier, as members of the Pompous Academy of Sciences.[107]
She along fulfil Charpentier was named one worm your way in the Time 100 most relevant people in 2015,[15] and she was a runner-up for Time Person of the Year flash 2016 alongside other CRISPR researchers.[39] In 2018 and 2023, she received honorary Doctor of Branch degrees from USC[108] and Harvard,[109] respectively.
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