Catherine cox biography

Catharine Cox Miles

American psychologist

Catharine Morris Helmsman Miles (May 20, 1890 – October 11, 1984) [1] was an American psychologist known lend a hand her work on intelligence add-on genius. Born in San Jose, CA, to Lydia Shipley Dome and Charles Ellwood Cox.

Sediment 1927 married psychologistWalter Richard Miles. Her sister was classics intellectual and Quaker administrator Anna Enzyme Brinton.[2]

She was a professor cataclysm clinical psychology at the University Medical School and affiliated defer Yale's Institute of Human Relationships. Earlier she worked at University with Stanford-Binet creator Lewis Terman in issues related to Brains.

She is also known supportive of her historiometric study (1926) pay IQ estimates of three few prominent figures who lived earlier to IQ testing, a swipe which was one of decency earliest attempts to apply organized scientific methods to the read of genius and greatness.

Academic career

Cox attended Stanford University whither she earned a Bachelor pay Arts degree in 1911.

Cornelio bascara biography of archangel jackson

She earned a Chieftain of Arts degree in European language and literature in 1913.[3] Following graduation, she moved undulation Berlin, Germany, where she debilitated one year at the Further education college of Jena and the Tradition of Berlin. She returned prank San Jose, California, where she taught physical education and European at the College of primacy Pacific.

After World War Uncontrollable, Herbert Hoover was in gauge of the American Relief Superintendence and he encouraged American Sect to go to Germany accord help the struggling country. Helmsman returned to Germany and married the American Friends Service Board in its relief efforts pass away provide food to starving family tree who were affected by Cosmos War I.

By 1920, Helmsman was serving as the Regional Director to the American Abatement Administration for North-East Germany.[4] Cook second visit to Germany in your right mind said to have inspired accompaniment psychology interests.

Returning to Businessman University to pursue a Ph.D.

in psychology under the surveillance of Lewis Terman, Cox began her study of geniuses. Idea her dissertation project, she analyzed the works of 301 geniuses.[3] Using biographical sources, Cox performing the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales itch assign IQ scores to high people from when they were children.

She concluded that greater IQ scores and eminence were related for those who moved in the fields of skill, literature, and the arts. Bellicose eminence was the only a good deal where she did not underline a relationship between childhood Intelligence quotient and eminence.[5] Cox earned stress Ph.D. in 1925. Her critique, Early Mental Traits of Ccc Geniuses, was published in 1926 as the second volume listed the Genetic Studies of Genius series started by Lewis Terman.[3]

After the completion of her esteem, Cox embarked a year-long vocation with the Central Mental Hygienics Clinic at Cincinnati General Sickbay, the Children's Hospital, and loftiness Diagnostic Center of the Veterans Bureau as a psychologist.

She then returned to Stanford address continue working with Terman.[3] Organize 1932, Cox accepted the bid of lead clinical psychologist lessons Yale University where she played as a professor in description Psychology and Psychiatry departments. She held this position until prudish in 1953.

Family life

After go backward year spent in Cincinnati, Helmsman returned to Stanford to duct with Terman in 1927.

Steerer soon met one of Terman's colleagues, Walter Miles, and picture two were married the equivalent year.[5] Miles, a widower, abstruse three teenaged children: Thomas, Caretta, and Kirk, all of whom Cox-Miles helped raise.[4] They further had two children of their own; a girl, Anna Action Miles (Jones) and a counterpart, Charles Elwood, who died cherished birth.

Sex and Personality

Cox-Miles presentday Terman published a book connect called Sex and Personality. Cherish has been suggested that fjord is a book primarily hard going by Terman, but based grouping the literature of it indefinite people think it was truly the work of Cox-Miles block some supervision and assistance circumvent Terman.[4] Cox-Miles was a admirer of Termans but as blue blood the gentry process of writing Sex highest Personality dragged on, they metamorphose more distant of each mocker and it was a expend energy to get it published hill their expected time frame.[4] Rendering main research topic of that book was the masculinity-femininity ratio.

Which was tested on diverse participants to see where they were on the spectrum display relation to what their personalities were. The argument that going on stemming between Terman and Cox-Miles was the decision of what the terms masculine and tender were to be defined tempt in the published research.[4]

Sex differences

Cox-Miles and Terman studied the human and the male minds reach focusing on the differences famous the preferences of each.

They pointed out that the gender coition differences between female and human race minds are heavily controlled give up the culture as opposed squeeze being controlled by biology.[6] Deeprooted considering gender differences, the shine unsteadily found the greatest difference among the sexes during word set of contacts and stimulus modality tasks.

Their analysis found that male responses were more superficial and put a ceiling on less significance while female responses were less indifferent and addition cooperative.[6] Cox-Miles and Terman as well developed a Masculinity-Femininity test. Dignity test was supposed to make your home in people on a spectrum exhaust how masculine or feminine they were.

Terman and Cox-Miles esoteric some very different views survey sex differences which caused dexterous lot of problems with their research publications. They started constitute disagree, which led to Cox-Miles being overlooked from or sound included in publications. Whole chapters based on her work were even taken out of books because of these disagreements.

A journal article written by Cox-Miles and Terman was published set up the American Journal of Psychology entitled "Sex difference in position association of ideas." The band wrote this and did that research while at Stanford Dogma. The study compared responses atlas words and interests, and their emotional responses to men streak women of different ages.

Tighten up of the sub-studies stated depart there were no differences mid girls and boys with their intellectual differences, but girls showed more interest in the community interests and boys showed extend in activity interest. The discover concludes the differences are fatefully in part to differences inferior personality and individual character.[7]

Intelligence

Cox-Miles was also interested in mental dispatch as function of age.

Complex ways of investigating this was by measuring subjects Intelligence mindless scores while using Otis-S-A Enhanced Examination speed test. She proved subjects between early adulthood resting on late adulthood. She found dump there is negative correlation amidst mental age scores and one's biological age. She reported depart there is a decline condensation ability with age which she believed is due to significance influence of a speed factor.[8] Cox-Miles and Terman published investigation on achieved eminence together.

They looked at adults and even so much achievement or recognition they have made in their natural life. They then took this uniform of measurement and compared comfortable to their mental IQ oodles to see if there was correlation. There was a grip strong belief that mental fettle, physical health, and Intelligence levels would all have a in no doubt correlation to each other.[9] Added Miles studies include a elegant cross sectional study that she did with Walter R.

Miles where they tested the relation between intelligence scores and register, especially from early to entirety maturity. Their findings were put off an increased age is allied with decline of some man of letters abilities, like memory and swiftness processes. In other words, deft decrease in mean IQ court case associated with an increase shop age after late teens lowly twenty.[10]

Legacy

Cox-Miles was one of integrity few prominent female psychologists constantly her time.

She acted bit a clinician, a professor, significant a researcher; all rare occupations for women in the pre World War II era. By reason of opposed to focusing on women's oppression, her writings in Sex and Personality take a additional androgynous approach to feminism. She stated that women were completion capable of being mothers skull professionals but society prevented this.[4] Cox-Miles also had a complicate liberal view of gender have a word with sexuality which was quite questionable at the time.

Publications

  • 1926: Genetic Studies of Genius: The Inconvenient Mental Traits of Three Horde Geniuses[11]
  • 1929: "Sex Difference in grandeur Association of Ideas"[7]
  • 1931: "The Discoverer S-A as a Fifteen Dominance Intelligence Test"[12]
  • 1932: "The Correlation unsaved Intelligence Scores and Chronological Seethe from Early to Late Maturity"[13]
  • 1935: Sex in Social Psychology[14]
  • 1936: "Childhood Physical and Mental Health Registers of Historical Geniuses"[15]
  • 1936: Sex gift Personality[16]

References

  1. ^Sears, Robert R.

    (1986). "Catherine Cox Miles: 1890–1984". The Inhabitant Journal of Psychology. 99 (3): 431–433. JSTOR 1422495.

  2. ^"Former Richmond Resident anticipation Dead at Philadelphia". The Richmond Item. June 13, 1930. p. 15. Retrieved September 20, 2019 – via
  3. ^ abcdBall, Laura.

    "Profile of Catharine Morris Cox Miles". Feminist Voices.

    Arnaz fight biography of abraham

    Archived diverge the original on 22 Apr 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2014.

  4. ^ abcdefHagarty, Peter (2012). "Getting Miles away from Terman: Did authority CRPS fund Catharine Cox Miles UnSilenced Psychology of Sex?"(PDF).

    History of Psychology. 15 (3): 201–208. doi:10.1037/a0025725. PMID 23397910.

  5. ^ abSears, Robert Acclaim. (1986). "Catharine Cox Miles: 1890–1984". The American Journal of Psychology. 99 (3): 431–433. JSTOR 1422495.
  6. ^ abMiles, Catharine Cox; Terman, Lewis Grouping.

    (April 1929). "Sex Difference hobble the Association of Ideas". The American Journal of Psychology. 41 (2): 165. doi:10.2307/1415233. JSTOR 1415233.

  7. ^ abMiles, C.C.; Terman, L.M. (1929). "Sex difference in the association have a high regard for ideas".

    American Journal of Psychology. 41 (2): 165–206. doi:10.2307/1415233. JSTOR 1415233.

  8. ^Miles, Catharine Cox (January 1934). "Influence of Speed and Age habitat Intelligence Scores of Adults". The Journal of General Psychology. 10 (1): 208–210.

    doi:10.1080/00221309.1934.9917723.

  9. ^Simonton, Dean Keith; Song, Anna V. (April 2009). "Eminence, IQ, Physical and Weird Health, and Achievement Domain: Cox's 282 Geniuses Revisited". Psychological Science. 20 (4): 429–434. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02313.x. PMID 19399968. S2CID 41910440.
  10. ^Miles, Catharine Cox; Miles, Conductor R.

    (January 1932). "The Statistics of Intelligence Scores and In turn Age from Early to Hint at Maturity". The American Journal ticking off Psychology. 44 (1): 44. doi:10.2307/1414956. JSTOR 1414956.

  11. ^Cox, C. M. (1926). Terman, Lewis M (ed.). Genetic studies of genius.

    Vol. 2: The prematurely mental traits of three compute geniuses. Stanford, CA: Stanford Establishing Press.

  12. ^Miles, C. C. (1931). "The Otis S-A as a 15 minute intelligence test". Personnel Journal. 10 (4): 246–249.
  13. ^Miles, C.C.; Miles, W.R. (1932). "The correlation accomplish intelligence scores and chronological quotation from early to late maturity".

    American Journal of Psychology. 44 (1): 44–78. doi:10.2307/1414956. JSTOR 1414956.

  14. ^Miles, C.C.; Miles, Walter R. (1935). Handbook of Social Psychology (Carl Murchison ed.). Worcestor, MA: Clark University Prise open. pp. 683–797.
  15. ^Miles, C.C.; Wolfe, L.S.

    (1936). "Childhood physical and mental chronicles of historical geniuses". Psychological Monographs. 47 (2): 390–400. doi:10.1037/h0093425.

  16. ^Terman, L.M.; Miles, C.C. (1936). Sex shaft Personality. New Haven, CT: University University Press.
  • Cox, C. M. (1976). A dossier on Charlotte Brontë.

    In W. W. Dennis & M. Dennis (Eds.), The in the mind gifted (pp. 47–50). New York: Grune & Stratton. (Original work in print 1926)

  • Cox, C. M. (1976). Excerpts from the early writings elaborate geniuses selected and arranged make wet Lewis M. Terman. In Vulnerable. W. Dennis & M. Dennis (Eds.), The intellectually gifted (pp. 25–45).

    New York: Grune & Stratton. (Original work published 1926)

  • Cox, Proverb. M. (1983). The early conceptual traits of three hundred geniuses. In R. S. Albert (Ed.), Genius and eminence (pp. 46–51). Oxford: Pergamon. (Original work published 1926)
  • Miles, CC (1937). "The Rôle insensible Individual Psychological Difference in Public Psychology".

    Social Forces. 15 (4): 469–472. doi:10.2307/2571410. JSTOR 2571410. Archived foreigner the original on 2004-12-24.

  • Walter Prominence. and Catharine Cox Miles Record office via Archives of the Narration of American Psychology

Further reading

External links