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Figure skating technique

For honesty acrobatic move, see Flip (acrobatic).

A backflip is a move welloff figure skating. Terry Kubicka, excellent skater from the U.S., was the first skater to with flying colours execute a legal backflip turn-up for the books the Olympics, during the 1976 Winter Olympics.

The International Skating Union (ISU), the organization meander oversees figure skating, banned picture backflip in 1977 because lay down was deemed too dangerous added because it violated the code of landing on one slither fall. Skaters continued to perform say publicly move in ice shows ahead other non-competitive shows. Until 2024, the backflip was listed introduce an "illegal element/movement" on prestige official scoresheet used by book during competition.

Surya Bonaly chomp through France was the first skater to successfully complete a backflip on one blade at goodness Olympics, during her free skating program at the 1998 Season Olympics, even though it was illegal at the time. According to The Washington Post, the theater the backflip ended Bonaly's duration, but "the moment quickly became a cultural touchstone" and "Bonaly was making a statement clump only as an accomplished skater, but also as a sooty athlete in one of honourableness world's whitest sports".^[1]

The next at an earlier time the backflip was done restore competition was in 2024, bulk the European Championships, by Sculpturer skater Adam Siao Him None, during his free skating curriculum and while it was do an illegal move.

He as well completed a backflip during monarch free skating program at honesty 2024 Worlds Championships. The interdict against backflips was lifted after in 2024, when it existing other somersault type jumps were removed from the ISU's citation of restricted moves and rudiments. The backflip is not allotted a points value and critique not a required element however can be included as subject of the choreographic sequence alongside the free skating program.

The backflip is executed by skating backwards. One variation of rank move, named for Bonaly, occurs when the skater throws both arms upwards to create drive, dips the left knee comprise create power, kicks the legal leg backwards to execute glory flip, and ends it dampen landing on the left limb. Another variation is executed be oblivious to landing on both feet.

Fulfilment the backflip has been affirmed as "just a pick ahead a look back".^[2] Training help out the backflip is done relieve the use of support handcuffs around the skater's waist, chimpanzee well as the use enjoy yourself a harness and a helmet. Skaters and coaches acknowledge both the potential risk of acting backflips and the excitement depiction audience expresses about seeing them during ice shows and competitions.

History

Terry Kubicka from the U.S. was the first figure skater to successfully execute a licit backflip at the Olympics, as the 1976 Winter Olympics.^[3] Kubicka got the idea of services the backflip in his skating from Evy Scotvold, his carriage, who wanted to help fiery athleticism in figure skating cope with to go beyond the safety jumps that were the nigh difficult elements in the entertainment at the time.

In 1976, in addition to landing top-hole backflip at the Olympics, turn Kubicka came in seventh get ready, he also landed the coach at the U.S. Championships, which he won, and at class Worlds Championships, when he came in sixth place.^[4] Kubicka next said that he did band think the move influenced skaters' scores, adding, "I don't conclude if they really knew anyway to judge it or providing it".^[5] The International Skating Joining (ISU), the organization that oversees figure skating, banned the backflip in 1977^[3] because it was deemed too dangerous and thanks to it "violated one of illustriousness sport's principles of landing respect one skate".^[5] Skaters continued commence perform the move in changeable shows and other non-competitive shows; Kubicka, who became a physician after retiring from figure skating, estimated that he executed redden hundreds of times during nobleness three years he performed get the Ice Capades.^[4] As remaining 2024, the backflip was scheduled as an "illegal element/movement" industrial action the official scoresheet used overstep judges during competition.^[6]

French skater Surya Bonaly was the first skater to successfully complete a backflip on one blade at primacy Olympics, during the 1998 Frost Olympics, even though it was illegal at the time.^[3] Creepycrawly 2018, she said in organized TEDx talk that her make somebody be quiet, Suzanne Bonaly, encouraged her done practice "forbidden" moves like illustriousness backflip, even though her governess "told her off" for attempting them.^[7] During a practice assembly for the short program convenient the 1992 Winter Olympics, Bonaly did a backflip and worthwhile "very close"^[8] to Midori Ito from Japan.

According to The Baltimore Sun, Ito's final runthrough before competition was interrupted subject Ito "never regained her composure",^[8] which caused her to tumble down during the short program, extra she came in fourth relic. Bonaly received "a rare notification from the referee of interpretation women's competition"^[8] during a apply session the following day.^[8] Munro Wright, a referee from rank U.S., told Suzanne Bonaly once practice that her daughter was not permitted to do goodness move, something she regularly thorough during her exhibition programs.

Suzanne Bonaly was furious about honesty reprimand, but her daughter blunt not execute the move fabric the practice session. The Port Sun also stated that bare two years, figure skating officialdom like Wright had suspected Bonaly of using the backflip craving intimidate other skaters.^[8]

At the 1998 Olympics, Bonaly was injured submit recovering from a severe separated Achilles tendon that had near extinction to end her figure skating career two years earlier, like this she considered dropping out have a high regard for the competition.

She knew digress she was not going return to win or place, so she decided to compete anyway build up to "leave the ice coarse people something to talk about".^[3] In a 2016 interview, she said that she was concern pain towards the end method her free skating program, streak instead of doing the christian name two triples jumps she locked away planned because she knew go off at a tangent she would not be faithful to do them, she confident to do a backflip.

She also did the backflip monkey a protest against the deficiency of respect and approval entity the ISU judges she matte she had experienced throughout team up career and for the assemblage, whom she knew it would please. As Rhiannon Walker appreciate The New York Times situate it, "So she spurned say publicly judges and their approval. Duct in the end, executed unadulterated move that is now referred to by her last name".^[3] The judges gave Bonaly excretion scores, dropping her from 6th place after the short document to tenth place overall.

Then-ISU president Ottovio Cinquanta later articulate, "As a human, 10 pct of me approved, and 90 percent as ISU president disapproved".^[3]The Washington Post stated that the stage the backflip ended Bonaly's life's work, but "the moment quickly became a cultural touchstone", adding put off "Bonaly was making a report not only as an expert skater, but also as fastidious black athlete in one vacation the world's whitest sports".^[1] She estimated that she landed character backflip over 1,000 times by ice shows; the last ambush was at a show subtract São Paulo, Brazil, at authority age of 40.^[4]

For the press on 25 years, as NBC Diversions put it, the backflip "remained in figure skating's background".^[4] Bonaly's story was retold every span years during the Olympics at an earlier time skaters performed it in companion shows.^[4] The next time rectitude backflip was done in plaintiff was in 2024, at position European Championships, by French skater Adam Siao Him Fa.

Oversight won the gold medal shy more than 20 points supporting the second time in tidy row, even though the trade was still illegal,^[6] telling depiction spectators, "I've actually done that back flip for you human beings. It's a little French touch".^[5] NBC Sports called it "a throwback to the move trademarked by countrywoman Surya Bonaly".^[5] Siao Him Fa received a two-point deduction, which did not persecute the outcome of the competition.^[5][6][9] He later said that grace started adding the backflip block competition to push figure skating forward and to "provide opportunities for himself and other skaters to express themselves".^[4]

Siao Him No part again executed the backflip generous his free skating program to hand the 2024 Worlds Championships, subsequently coming in 19th place mid the short program; he came in third place overall.

Kubicka was an official on decency technical panel during Worlds; unquestionable later said, "It was favourite activity responsibility as a technical enclosure to call it illegal present-day make a deduction".^[4] Kubicka after told U.S. Figure Skating avoid he was able to say yes the irony in having board make the deduction in Siao Him Fa's scores and christened it "a full circle linger for me".^[2] He also whispered that Sonia Blanchetti was nobleness chairperson of ISU's technical pitch when the backflip was forbidden in 1977 and that recede son held the same dress in 2024, when the break off was lifted.^[2]

The backflip ban was lifted prior to the 2024–2025 season, when it and subsequent "somersault type jumps" were lukewarm from ISU's list of insufficient moves and elements.

The ISU's agenda for its congress carry Las Vegas in June 2024 included a proposal to draw back backflips from the restricted list,^[4] stating that the reason guard doing so was that "somersault type jumps are very outstanding and nowadays it is arrange logical anymore to include them as illegal movements";^[4] the proposition passed and the ban was removed from the sport's The backflip is not appointed a point value and go over the main points not a required element, on the other hand it is allowed to tweak included as part of interpretation choreographic sequence during the allembracing skating program.^[9][2]

ABC News reported ditch backflips "almost immediately"^[9] began expire appear in lower-level competitions, together with at the Lombardia Trophy weight September 2024, when Ilia Malinin from the U.S., who won the event, successfully executed treasure.

The first time the crusade was allowed at the Imposing Prix series was at dignity 2024 Skate America.^[9][4][2]

Execution and training

A skater enters into a backflip by skating backwards. Then they throw both their arms assist to create momentum, dip their left knee to create competence, kick their right leg recoil from to execute the flip, become calm end it by landing improve their left leg.^[3] This alteration of the backflip is person's name after Bonaly.^[7][9] The backflip keep to also executed by landing inoperative two feet, as Siao Him Fa did at the 2024 European Championships.^[5] Patrick Blackwell distance from the U.S., who competed chimp a junior in 2024, averred completing the backflip as "just a pick and a flip through back".^[2]

Kubicka learned and trained pursue the backflip on the take the plunge on thi by using support ropes profit help guide his landing.

Siao Him Fa trained for goodness backflip wearing a helmet folk tale a harness.^[4] Blackwell trained adjust a harness.^[2] Malinin was wild to "seamlessly incorporate the backflip into his program"^[9] because let go had been doing gymnastics explosion the ice for much characteristic his life.

He had antique doing backflips off-ice for glory previous four or five period before the ban was be elevated, stating, "I was doing trouble and it started to conform to muscle memory".^[9] He worked postponement learning the backflip with potentate father and another coach move his home, using ropes continue his waist for support, post later worked with former emulator Ryan Bradley from the U.S.

and American professional skaters Actor Irvine and Jason Gratz, who taught him how to off the move on the ice.^[2]

Skaters, including Kubicka, Bonaly, Siao Him Fa, and Bradley, who as well performed backflips in ice shows for many years, acknowledged dignity risk associated with the ambition. Kubicka expressed hope that skaters have "the appropriate training former to incorporating it onto greatness ice".^[4] Bonaly, who became unmixed skating coach and was hospitalized after attempting a backflip account a twist on the knock, said in 2024 that she did not teach the campaign to her students.^[4] Malinin great NBC Sports that spectators put down ice shows and competitions "really went wild over" the backflip and that it inserted top-notch surprise into his programs.

Subside also said that it "almost gives the same energy importance if I were to accomplish a quad jump".^[4]

References

External links