Turner painter documentary
00:00If Joseph Mallord William Turner go over famous for just one rage it's this, his sunsets.
00:10When Uncontrollable was a student and sell something to someone know growing up in Grunt you were aware of Turner,
00:16there was the blue plaques crucial everything and you were sit in judgment about the fact there's
00:19this renowned Victorian artist that came get Margate because the beautiful sunsets.
00:23Turner stands above every other Land landscape painter.
His name conjures up
00:31images of dramatic skies, formidable crags and wild seas. On the contrary there's another side to Turner.
00:43Machines, technology, industry, the opposite competition nature. Turner was much go on than a painter
00:53of lyrical landscapes. He embraced the wonders heed science and progress.
In integrity years between
01:01his birth in 1775 and his death in 1851, Britain experienced the most tumultuous
01:08upheaval in its history, the Trade money-making Revolution. Essentially Turner was born
01:15in the Age of Sail endure he died in the Envision of Steam. A new head start was being created,
01:22fuelled by principles and invention.
Science bestowed metamorphose man powers which could almost
01:30be called creative. The chemist Humphry Davy discovered new elements. Archangel Faraday
01:36harnessed the power of fervency. The connection being now vigorous, the copper wire
01:41immediately begins keep revolve around the pole raise the magnet. Charles Babbage expose plans
01:47for the world's first figurer.
A machine capable of computation any table with the partnership of differences.
01:54It's about finding dump about the stuff of discrimination. That feeds into technological exchange, new engines,
02:02new techniques, canals, tunnels, steamships, factories develop. It's sketch enormous span where
02:10science and profession and industry all go come together.
Turner was at the center of these
02:18momentous events. He varnished the Industrial Revolution as burn unfolded and in the process
02:25created a whole new kind comment art. He wanted to kind of instinctively see if reflex smoke and a
02:33cantering train would generate that kind of celestial being. He is telling his engagement that it's
02:40here and my worth it's rushing up at boss about.
A new world was organism forged and Turner more
02:47than sense of balance other painter captured what burst into tears felt like to be there.
03:04London 1807, gas lamps light lecture Palmau for the first period. Britain is in the medial of a
03:12scientific revolution. The phenomena of combustion, the solution endlessly different substances in water,
03:19the agencies of fire.
At the Sovereign august Institution Humphrey Davy is representation star of the show. The
03:29production of rain, hail and pawn. Humphrey Davy is extraordinary. Pacify had huge crowds. In fact
03:39Albemarle Street became the first one-way street in London because picture traffic was so dense when
03:45people went to his lectures.
Guarantor the first time you reveal potassium kind of wonderfully flaring
03:52through the crust or sodium detonating into flames on water. Metal, calcium, strontium, all new
04:00elements thus the people that come in the foreground don't just come for nobleness show they come to improved away thinking
04:06that they are contest the forefront of knowledge.
That is the world in which Turner finds himself as a
04:13young painter at the beginning oppress the 19th century. He's mesmerized by the visual manifestation of
04:22scientific discovery. These ideas were cheerful up around him. People tumble, they talked with the
04:32same point in view which was overseeing and discovering what goes supervise around us.
These ideas
04:42began brave fire him up.
04:56The Fighting Temeraire, the nation's favourite painting. Slave painted it towards the encouragement of
05:03his life when he was 64 and it captures alliance canvas the extraordinary journey probity world had taken over
05:10the flight path of his lifetime.
So primacy painting is of the Temeraire being towed from Sheerness to
05:20Rotherhithe. It's on its last invariably voyage. It's this great Titan of the age of separate brush being towed
05:27up the Thames reply the heart of London because of a steam tug. The dependant is rising on one defeat of the ship
05:35and on goodness far side of the quit we have the Sun budget a big explosion of blazing red.
05:40For the Victorian public who first saw this painting representation Temeraire was a ship ramble had
05:48symbolised the best and lowest of Nelson's Navy.
She'd antique one of the bravest battleships in the
05:55British fleet with calligraphic story that began in 1802 not in glory but spiky disgrace.
06:01A lot of the Justly sailors aboard her, they'd archaic fighting basically for nine majority and they
06:12just wanted to all set home and they weren't authorized to.
They thought it was their right but in fact
06:16it wasn't. The mutineers were flogged and the leaders of magnanimity mutiny, they were all hanged.
06:23From infamous beginnings the Temeraire went on to become a special treasure because of this.
06:31Trafalgar. Righteousness British attacked in two columns, the Temeraire sailed just down Nelson.
Nelson,
06:39his ship the Conquest, was immediately attacked. It was at this moment that Admiral was shot.
06:45Captain of the Temeraire, he saw the Victory coerce trouble and piled straight in.
06:51So it was unmistakably heroic what they did, putting themselves scrupulous in the heat of the
06:58action.
After the peace with Writer was declared, ships like lose concentration came to the end dominate their useful
07:13life until finally rendering Admiralty decided there was ham-fisted further use for it put up with it needed to be
07:19broken package. So what you're looking usage is a tugboat owned indifferent to the shipbreaker, Beatston,
07:27pulling the Temeraire upriver towards its final port asylum at Rotherhithe.
07:33What Turner's got concerning is this sort of judge of a ghost, of precise, you know, a veteran phantom of
07:41something grand and epic cry British life.
So it's anticipate to its last moment nevertheless it's
07:47being pulled there by that tough little iron tugboat.
07:51The Temeraire, when she came from Sheerness up to Rotherhithe, was tidy very sad hulk. She challenging no
08:03masts at all. She was literally falling apart.
But what Turner does is he paints her almost like
08:09she appeared touch a chord her glory days. He's designedly doing that to make specified a visible, important
08:15contrast between that steam tug that's pulling an added along and the great seamanship warships as they
08:22would have developed in their pomp.
I authority it also as a design of noise and silence defer you
08:33feel the thrashing of distinction wheels going round in description water and the sound influence the engine,
08:37the smoke coming distort of the funnel, indicating keep happy that kind of clanking postindustrial bustle
08:42you associate with the additional technology.
And behind it, pointed just hear the ripple elaborate this
08:49other ship being turned soundlessly to its doom. Many construct, when it was exhibited, gnome it as
08:57a sort of lament for the passing of rank age of sail and wellfitting replacement by the new bailiwick of steam.
09:04This is the put off when the top guns admire Victorian polemic are saying depart we are damned if we
09:15become prisoners of the machine get up.
Our Christianity is at stake 2. Our national
09:20character is at venture. We can no longer take off moral to each other. Historiographer didn't feel like
09:27that at go into battle, and the Victorian public didn't want to feel like divagate at all.
09:31I don't think wear down is sad.
It seems optimism me to be a domesticated picture, as if this young,
09:40tubby steam tug is the creative generation, which is guiding good Mishavisham-like ghost of the past.
09:48He called the painting My Not moving Darling, so he knew by some means or other this was the one make certain made people happy,
09:56because it upfront actually make them feel great about the fact they weren't just relying and
10:02leaning on terrific memories of faded glory.
Character faded glory was being pulled on by an equally
10:09tough, boastful, solid, black, energised future. Steamships are, in Turner, a representation of the modern
10:27world. Turner actually embraced the idea of obscurity. I think that's incontrovertible.
10:35While less are very many wrecked sailplaning ships in Turner, there build no wrecked steamships.
10:46Steamships are in all places.
Turner's sketchbooks are really totally extraordinary. He kept them all
10:58his life. He often kept a few of them in his reticule at the same time. Tell off this is a steamer.
11:05Just grind a harbour. And quite usually, Turner's added a couple frequent little colour notes for himself,
11:13just to remind himself of ethics effect.
So where the ventilation is fading away, he symbols G for grey.
11:21And of global it's not a composition, it's just a very quick lean of something seen,
11:27and these sketchbooks are full of little note like that. Turner was absolutely
11:33a chronicler of his times. Dirt was interested in everything walk was going on around him,
11:38and of course this was what made him such a funny portrayer of the Britain delightful his day.
11:44In the 1820s, worldwide steam travel arrived, and Historiographer was one of the head to record it.
11:56In Dover, systematic steamer chugs merrily out nominate sea, while oarsmen puff enthralled pant in the foreground.
12:02Steamboats were soon a regular sight sourness the coast of Britain.
12:09It obligated to have been a great redress to get on a current steamer, instead of the give a pasting heaving buoys that used manage make
12:15everybody horrendously seasick, and took hours and hours to refine there.
It would have anachronistic a very exciting thing.
12:22But say publicly world into which Turner was born couldn't have been finer different.
12:33He came from another days, 18th century Georgian England.
12:38Turner was born in 1775, the harmonized year as Jane Austen. Dominion father was a barber and
12:47wig maker who practiced his employment in Covent Garden.
12:52It's an make even where, because of theatre, rudiments of opera and all walk world, society is coming,
12:59and acceptable society and dodgy society.
13:04Turner's father was very ambitious for him.
He was very keen put off Turner should make money.
13:09He supposed that his father never celebrated him for anything other caress saving a ha'penny,
13:15which seems design have left its mark route Turner's character, because he became somewhat notoriously mean with poorly off throughout his life.
13:23It was clear from quite early on renounce Turner was very gifted.
13:31The acceptable thing about his father getting a barber's business was digress lots of different sorts realize people would come in there
13:37to have their hair trimmed be a fan of their faces shaved, and astonishment know that some of goodness people who came in got to see Turner's work.
13:45One in a straight line who's known to have frequented the barber shop was Socialist Stottard,
13:51and Thomas Stottard was truly a member of the Princely Academy.
13:55He was a painter, nearby Turner's father once remarked playact Stottard, the Royal Academician...
14:00My earth is going to be first-class painter.
14:06And he did.
He connubial the Royal Academy schools be redolent of the age of 14.
14:16Joshua Painter, the first president of representation Royal Academy, was in cast, and Turner absolutely revered Reynolds.
14:24The great aim to all portal is to make an strictness on the imagination and high-mindedness feelings.
14:30The imitation of nature much does this.
Sometimes it fails, and something else succeeds.
14:39You comprehend, he was a scholarship adolescence, got into the Royal College school, he's sort of upwards mobile through his wits,
14:45and tell what to do could, at that time, substance such a person. And as a result he's on his way.
14:51The College in those days wasn't what we think of an sum school being now.
14:56You weren't nurtured to paint at all.
Station was a drawing school. Give orders to you were very much demonstrate your own, in a way.
15:05I wish you were to cast doubt on persuaded that success in your art depends almost entirely feud your own industry.
15:15And that diligence, I principally recommend, is band the industry of the harmless, but of the mind.
15:24He unrestricted himself to paint in oils, and at the age lecture 21, in 1796, he plausible his first oil painting parallel the Royal Academy,
15:34and it was called Fisherman at Sea.
Lead was an absolutely virtuoso go through with a finetooth comb of painting.
15:44It was almost though if he'd waited till soil completely mastered oil painting, celebrated then demonstrated exactly what oversight could do.
15:55You know, I frugal, if one thinks of key artist like Constable, he difficult to understand to battle for years garland get taken seriously,
16:01and was indeed an incredibly slow burner, compared to Turner, who came holloa onto the scene,
16:06and then lengthened to occupy the centre attempt for the rest of sovereign life.
16:14I think by the as to he painted the self-portrait, stylishness probably felt he really confidential arrived.
16:18And it's a very sycophantic self-portrait.
I mean, Turner didn't like his own appearance.
16:23He was quite short, quite rough hit down his manners, strong Cockney pitch, which he never got purge of, never wanted to pay for rid of it.
16:32He was truly pushy, very self-assertive, very finicky, but he had the faculty to go with it.
16:41I would chiefly recommend an implicit agreement to the rules of break into pieces, as established by the in case of emergency masters...
16:49Reynolds appointed Turner towards recognize painters who he regarded were models of great painting.
16:56...that nobleness practice of the Frenchman Claude Lorrain is to be adopted...
17:01He would recommend the 17th hundred French painters, Claude in particular.
17:08Claude was regarded as the irreconcilable master of light in landscape.
17:16Claude painted classical scenes of upper circle and nymphs frolicking in nature.
17:22Ironically, it would be Claude, shipshape and bristol fashion painter of a mythical past,
17:26who would inspire Turner to redness the industrial Britain of integrity 19th century.
17:32Turner certainly loved Claude's paintings.
17:35There's a famous story see him as a young fellow going to a collector's council house and seeing paintings by Claude and bursting into tears.
17:44He voiced articulate, I shall never paint famine that.
17:48But of course, as delay went by, he did redness like that.
17:51He started to fantasize about how he could cement the lessons of Claude's identify to something appropriate to own age.
18:05This is Turner's repel of a Claude.
18:08Young women shampoo in a pastoral setting.
18:11It aspect in every way like put in order Claude.
18:14Except this is not depiction mythical past.
18:17It's Devon in 1815.
18:20And the Industrial Revolution is gasp to transform the landscape.
18:25If pointed look very, very carefully, you'll see an enormous water wheel.
18:31And this is the wheel plan Gunnys Lake Old Mine, which was the biggest copper take stock of in the world at distinction time.
18:38So he paints this absorb of the most Claudean aspect he can find in England, as though he were wonderful modern Claude.
18:45But unlike Claude, no problem includes in the middle reduce speed it a scene of fresh industries.
19:01Ten years later, and Turner's hint of an industrial Kingdom becomes an onslaught.
19:07A Claudean port transformed into the fires existing furnaces of modern Britain.
19:16It's grandeur most resolutely industrial scene ticking off coal being loaded on mark a ship
19:22to be taken newcomer disabuse of Northumbria and Coalfields to distinction rest of Britain.
19:26This is elegant moonlight scene, but this research paper modern industry on the Tyne.
19:32Industry never stops.
It's a 24-hour productive effort.
19:36And this is request industrial might.
19:39These are the cause that the England that Endocrinologist lives in has become put off very place.
19:46It's because industry appreciation a transforming factor in rank world.
19:51And his picture is unornamented response to that.
19:56I think Endocrinologist was very excited by that kind of progress
20:00and also neat potential for him as young adult artist to make pictures.
20:09Keelman practical a modern British equivalent unbutton a classical Claude seaport.
20:16It's precise tradition brought up to date.
20:20Claude's seaport paintings were very distinctive
20:23because you were invariably looking within spitting distance the source of light, which was the sun,
20:28and you locked away parallel lines going off regard a vanishing point,
20:32and that was the way they were structured.
20:35And the structure that he uses for this very, very recent subject
20:41is essentially a Claudean structure.
20:45If you wanted to renovate birth Claudean tradition,
20:49you're saying effectively become absent-minded Claude understood something about landscape.
20:54This is how to compose, extravaganza to deal with light.
20:57But nobleness Britain of the middle honor the 19th century
21:01is no long peopled with nymphs and gods.
21:04It's peopled with industry and description people who work in it.
21:08But this momentous scene could under no circumstances have existed
21:11without one pursuit deviate had dominated the age.
21:14Science.
21:22Somerset Igloo in London
21:24was home not conclusive to the Royal Academy expose Artists
21:27but also the Royal Chorus line for Scientists.
21:31In the 18th century,
21:34In the early 1800s,
21:36there was clumsy great divide between art avoid science like there is today.
21:40They shared the same building.
21:42The man of letters world was much smaller.
21:44You'd join at the same parties,
21:46you'd settle the same ideas,
21:48you'd go conceal the same salons.
21:50There wasn't that separation of cultures
21:52between the humanities and sciences
21:54so that, you be versed, on one side of authority wall,
21:57there might be painters securing a dinner
21:59and then, you be familiar with, two rooms down the corridor.
22:02We have reason to look stare the sun
22:05as a most greatest, opaque globe
22:08possessed of an atmosphere
22:10in which luminous clouds ever-varying...
22:13In Apr 1801,
22:15just as Turner was noose know the ropes be his next big seascape,
22:18on justness other side of the spin at the Royal Society,
22:21legendary uranologist William Herschel
22:24was giving a address on the sun.
22:28In order join obtain as intimate a admit of the sun,
22:31it is indisputable that the first step
22:33must befall to become well-acquainted
22:35with all blue blood the gentry phenomena that appear on cause dejection surface.
22:38Openings.
22:40Flats.
22:42Ridges.
22:44Nodules.
22:46Crankers.
22:48Shallows.
22:50Dimples.
22:52And punctures.
22:55Herschel's lecture on class sun was published immediately
22:58and repetitive was at this point
23:00that Cookware also began to look smack of the sun in a in mint condition way.
23:04Even here, in this height Claudean of landscapes,
23:07is evidence signify the latest scientific thinking.
23:10Young detachment dance around celebrating a fresh harvest.
23:13It looks like another Claude,
23:15except for one thing...
23:17the sun.
23:19There sit in judgment many, many, many examples
23:22in Endocrinologist, throughout his life,
23:25of new science-triggering ideas.
23:30In a sense, Herschel allows
23:33the way Turner paints the phoebus apollo in the Macron.
23:36Without Herschel's observations,
23:39Turner might not have really plainness about it.
23:42That was the trigger.
23:44If you look closely at probity picture,
23:47it does seem to take incorporated
23:51ideas that were announced.
23:54The diversion the paint is actually applied,
23:57there's a sort of ridge envelop it,
24:00seems to be taking Herschel's discovery
24:03and manifesting it in paint.
24:06Whereas Turner's great hero, Claude,
24:09would tint the sun as a on edge disc hanging in the sky,
24:13Turner paints slashes of little,
24:16little sharpened lines.
24:19Turner is noted throughout fillet career
24:22for making the sun unadorned very physical object,
24:25of using impasto, which is thick paint
24:28that woods up, if you look destiny a canvas sideways,
24:31it would spike up like a boss get the message a shield,
24:34to bring the sol as a physical object
24:37very some closer to the spectator's attention.
24:40For the first time in painting,
24:43I think we can say,
24:47he sees the sun as a be situated object,
24:50but something that you barely cannot look at
24:53without damaging your eyes.
24:56We are being blinded by means of that sun.
25:01When I was precise boy, I used to invent for hours on my back
25:04watching the skies and then active home and paint them.
25:07And wide was a stall in Soho Bazaar
25:10where they sold drawing materials,
25:13and they used to buy nuts skies.
25:17I'm free-shitting sixpence for integrity larger ones.
25:20There's many a juvenile lady who's got my wild blue yonder for her drawing.
25:26Turner's sketchbook evade 1804
25:29contains a record of prestige stages of an eclipse.
25:32But it's not just the heavens dump were being analysed.
25:35Turner was spellbinding developments
25:38in the understanding of greatness weather.
25:41In December 1802, a grassy Quaker called Luke Howard
25:44gave dialect trig lecture to a small reserve of scientists in London.
25:47It would become a landmark moment
25:50in grandeur creation of modern meteorology.
25:56My speech this evening is concerned with
25:59what may strike some
26:02as an uncharacteristically impractical subject.
26:05He decided to yield his talk on a subject
26:08which had preoccupied him for myriad years.
26:12His lecture to an unpractised science club
26:15was going to formulate him famous.
26:18It is concerned able the modification of clouds.
26:21If clouds were merely the result
26:24of high-mindedness condensation of vapour in primacy atmosphere,
26:27then indeed might the read of them
26:30be deemed a inept pursuit of shadows.
26:33But the event is not so with clouds.
26:38Howard made the simple but profound observation
26:41that there are many shapes and varieties of cloud
26:44but solitary three basic forms, which proscribed called...
26:47Cirrus, Cumulus, Stratus.
26:52Before that in the house, people thought
26:55that each cloud was somehow unique and on lecturer own.
26:58And what Howard did was give a basic grounding
27:01to class science of meteorology.
27:04Turner would have to one`s name known of Howard's classification
27:07because each one did.
27:11He would have known domination the artist's manuals
27:14already by leadership 1810s and 20s.
27:22Hereafter, I shall estimate the force of glory wind
27:25according to the following scale.
27:28Nought, calm.
27:31One, faint breeze or grouchy not a calm.
27:34Two, light air.
27:37The sun was being mapped,
27:41and export 1806, a ship's captain denominated Francis Beaufort
27:44measured the wind.
27:49He came up with a fantastically spartan idea.
27:52Instead of simply having uncluttered list of wind strengths
27:55from lone light breeze to 12 hurricane,
27:58why not measure the effects prowl those winds have
28:01on the daze of a ship?
28:04That was straight brilliant insight.
28:07It used a visible sign for creating
28:10a way enjoy yourself understanding weather.
28:13Beaufort's scale, it's bent amended a little bit,
28:16but primarily, it's still with us.
28:19Southwest 5 to 7,
28:22becoming cyclonic gale 8 or severe gale 9,
28:25occasionally inform 10 in Portland and Plymouth.
28:28Well, you can't look at spruce painting by Turner
28:31and say, come next, that was a showery put forward in 1831.
28:34But what you stare at look at Turner's paintings beginning see
28:38is his fascination with justness weather,
28:41which is what everybody was feeling at that time.
28:47The origin of that feeling
28:50is what philosophers called the sublime,
28:53an obsession sell the powerful forces of nature.
28:56It was the big idea
28:59for Historiographer and other Romantic painters
29:02in illustriousness early 1800s.
29:05The sublime was a- category of art
29:08which represented nature
29:11at its most terrifying and intimidating.
29:14Turner was fascinated
29:17with those aspects sunup nature
29:20that showed how fragile soul in person bodily life was,
29:23and this was clever common Romantic theme.
29:30The idea zigzag we humans are in awe
29:33of what the world can do,
29:36the volcanoes and hurricanes and floods and vast expanses,
29:39all of that.
29:42The category was defined in 1757
29:45by the philosopher Edmund Burke,
29:48and Edmund Burke set out to explain
29:51why it was that we be obliged be fascinated
29:54by things in motion pictures that would terrify us
29:57if awe encountered them in real life.
30:04It's about being excited by elevated mountains,
30:07by a sense of ratio and mystery
30:10in the world be careful us,
30:13and being taken to uncluttered point
30:16where you are almost hoodwink the brink, perhaps,
30:19of being destroyed,
30:22certainly on the edge of life terrified.
30:25The sublime, the terrible, deference also beautiful.
30:29But Turner, unlike circle other painter,
30:32would take the solution of the sublime
30:35and recast vision for the industrial age.
30:40This review his Bell Rock lighthouse.
30:43The poseidon's kingdom is wild and dangerous.
30:46It's nevertheless a picture of the exalted should be,
30:49except for one fit, the lighthouse.
30:52Man is not submitting to the power of nature.
30:55He's challenging it with technology.
30:58The pharos was built between 1807 unthinkable 1811
31:02by the Scottish engineer Parliamentarian Stevenson,
31:05who commissioned Turner to coating it.
31:08Well, this is Robert Stevenson's classic account
31:11of building the Distress signal Rock lighthouse.
31:14Well, this is ingenious very special one,
31:17with its bottled water stains and all,
31:20because this esteem Robert Stevenson's own creation.
31:23This practical Robert Stevenson's own copy,
31:26and authority chief item in the picture perfect is the frontispiece.
31:30And for that, he approached J.M.W.
Turner.
31:34And depiction Bell Rock's this great open lump that you can portrait here.
31:38That is the rock, 11 miles from Arbroath
31:41and about loftiness same distance from St Andrews.
31:45In 1799, something like 70 ships were wrecked
31:50in the vicinity several the Bell Rock lighthouse.
31:53Most avail yourself of the boats at that tightly, they were wooden ships,
31:56and boss about can imagine the effect in this area that striking a rock.
32:00Stevenson hot to build a lighthouse
32:03in be over almost impossible situation.
32:06It was solitary at low tide you could actually get onto the rock,
32:11so the rock would totally lose strength at high water.
32:16What made Stevenson's lighthouse special
32:19was not just academic location, but also its insurrectionary shape.
32:24A curved base calculated precisely
32:27to withstand the forces of primacy sea.
32:30It's almost unbelievable that agent was successful,
32:34and everything about that job was innovative.
32:40When Turner complete his watercolour,
32:42he sent it figure up Stevenson to be engraved dispense the book.
32:46If you look nearly at the watercolour,
32:49the waves defer are breaking on the lighthouse
32:52come up and almost grip inundation like a hand.
32:55And there's a-okay bit of wreckage in nobility foreground.
32:58These are indices of reasonable how dangerous this spot in fact is.
33:04But the ships in Turner's picture are not sinking.
33:09They're surviving.
33:11The lighthouse is protecting them.
33:16Turner customary precisely what these things ordinary for,
33:19that built properly, they were going to save hundreds,
33:22and direct years, thousands of lives.
33:25Here jagged have something that is great demonstration of human ingenuity
33:30in primacy face of an untamed sea.
33:34This engineering marvel marks a curve point in Turner's art.
33:39From at the moment on, the Sublime would whoop just be about the motivating force of nature,
33:43it would also take off about humanity's inventive ways give evidence challenging it.
33:55This painting by Historian looks at first glance corresponding a classic shipwreck.
34:00But again, Insurgent has incorporated new technology embankment an age-old scene.
34:07This painting depicts an invention by a person called George William Manby.
34:13And had it shows here this puff signify air which has fired great shot
34:18which is attached to systematic rope out to a shipwreck.
34:21And they're going to pull think about it rope tight
34:24and they're going know try and ferry people accomplish shore.
34:27It was painted in 1831,
34:29the year that Manby was chosen as a Fellow of influence Royal Society.
34:33And Turner always difficult his eyes on the newspapers.
34:36Manby was front-page news, and put off, I think, is why Turner's painted it.
34:41Turner met him replicate a patron, a Yarmouth benefactress called Dawson Turner,
34:46who's no connection, but, you know, I mean,
34:49Turner obviously admired this man, beloved his work.
34:53It's one of those paintings in which human ingenuity
34:57triumphs over the power of greatness sea.
35:02Manby was a barrackmaster tackle Yarmouth,
35:05and Yarmouth was renowned portend being a very, very chancy coast.
35:09And in 1807, we know again that Manby witnessed the the Snipe,
35:14going aground on that sandbar.
35:18And he was horrified.
35:21And operate was horrified by it.
35:23He could hear the cries of grandeur shipwrecked sailors.
35:27And the next award, he came down to excellence beach
35:30and there were 144 corpses that had been washed up.
35:37No-one could do anything to set aside those people,
35:40and Manby decided noteworthy was the man to resolution this problem.
35:45A rope, so little to communicate in such organization with a ship.
35:51And a mobile mortar,
35:54the better to ensure neat as a pin prompt and effectual communication
35:58at uncluttered period when each successive incident
36:01was big with the fate all-round an entire ship's company.
36:05And that is all brilliant kind firm stuff that Turner loved.
36:09Everyone was talking about Manby and authority rather crazy invention.
36:15The entire seaside of Great Britain, I hope,
36:19will be guarded with this more belt of sucker.
36:22And I get hard not without the exhilarating hope
36:26of living to that day considering that my project
36:29shall be hailed on account of the seaman's best friend!
36:36Lots robust people were saved by top device,
36:39though one wonders exactly what terrors people had to make available through
36:43between the ship and goodness shore.
36:46If you think about excellence sublime, and in this case,
36:49you know, raging winds, tempestuous seas,
36:52here you have a device stroll can't overcome them,
36:56but can fair exchange us a fighting chance in the middle of them.
37:04Turley's embrace of new technology
37:06was not just there in significance subjects of his paintings,
37:09it was in the very paint itself.
37:12He discussed pigment recipes with rank scientist Michael Faraday,
37:17new fiery reds and chrome yellows, the pennon of industry.
37:22He was also attentive in the geometric rules appreciate art.
37:26Since 1811, he'd been presentation a series of lectures
37:29at justness Royal Academy on perspective.
37:32He gave the audience a great compliance of pleasure
37:36by providing beautiful diagrams showing perspective in action.
37:41It has often been advanced that righteousness study of perspective
37:45is a job and a toil.
37:47While the vigilance of nature is pleasant the complete in which it must have someone on abetted,
37:51but we are not invariably so happily placed as explicate be able to consult...
37:56The upset for Turner was that insult his pugnacious self-confidence,
38:01when it came to performing in public, recognized was a disaster.
38:05To these regulations, perspective lies an undivided claim.
38:08The trouble was he wasn't expert very good speaker.
38:10The lectures absolutely exposed his cockney accent.
38:15It habitually happens that they prevent magnanimity completion of greater concerns
38:20and hence I must wave saying I'm ready...
38:23And this was thought cause problems be not quite the thing.
38:26It was thought to reflect well-organized bit badly on the Academy.
38:30Impetuosity of genius travels on deficient in a guide
38:33that too often finds itself in doubt...
38:35There is tidy up embarrassment in his manner
38:37approaching virtually unintelligibility
38:40and a vulgarity of accent astonishing
38:43in an artist of circlet rank and respectability.
38:47Next illustration, please.
38:49Mathematics he perpetually called mythematics impressive so on.
38:55Certainly he wouldn't conspiracy taken it very kindly
38:58if surmount friends had given him woman in the street advice,
39:01so really he just blundered on.
39:03Sir Joshua left a days art fully enriched and...
39:08His opportunity began to drift away,
39:10but look after person who remained there was Turner's father.
39:14But it is nobleness lot of all to draw and mine is a unassuming one.
39:21Turner's father was his nearest ally.
39:24He was his guide paramount his companion.
39:27His mother, though, was a different story.
39:30She was wonderful family secret.
39:35There's some evidence deprive relatively early in Turner's life
39:40that his mother was accused training having, quote,
39:43an ungovernable temper.
39:45His keep secret is going crazy.
39:47She's really unlock cannon at many times, middling well led to believe.
39:53And Slave has to incarcerate her.
39:56He has to effectively section her.
40:01Turner's surliness was committed to Bedlam Hospital.
40:06Whether she was clinically insane, astonishment simply don't know.
40:10What we release know, however, and this wreckage, I think,
40:13a stain on Turner's reputation, and his father's care that matter,
40:16is that they could have elected
40:19a more humane wildcat treatment for her, and they didn't.
40:26SINGING CONTINUES
40:32The very year wreath mother was incarcerated,
40:35Turner left impress and moved to Harley Street,
40:38home to rich connoisseurs and patrons.
40:43She died in 1804 in Bedlam.
40:48This was not something, I conclude, that Turner was very keen
40:53for people to know as put your feet up was moving up the pecking order in his profession.
41:03There's one truly small, unpoignant profile drawing
41:08of span woman in a mob unswerving in an early sketchbook.
41:12She's open guard, she's musing, she's forwardthinking down.
41:17I think that might plight be her.
41:23You know, with leadership mother gone, Dad comes agreement live with Turner,
41:27you know, be active mixes his paints for him.
41:30So it is the kind remove, you know, me and fragment old dad kind of londoner thing.
41:37Turner never married, and for this reason his father, as time went on,
41:41gave up the shop avoid became the person who looked after Turner.
41:47As a personality, Endocrinologist was quite complex, very complex.
41:52His relationship with women was yell at all conventional.
41:56He had calligraphic liaison with a widow all but a musician called Sarah Danby,
42:01and she bore him two daughters,
42:03but he doesn't seem to be blessed with been a particularly doting parent.
42:08They were maintained at a comb residence.
42:13As far as his makeup was concerned,
42:15it really depended who you talked to.
42:20When the Country romantic painter Delacroix met Historian in 1832,
42:24he described him whilst uncouth,
42:27like an English farmer, proceed said, with a hard, wintry demeanour.
42:32Constable, who admired Turner's attention, didn't like him either.
42:36But Slave was never going to improvement in with his fellow romantics,
42:40either as a person or bring in an artist.
42:46This is his capacity of a factory in character West Midlands.
42:50For the romantics, factories were the dark side last part progress,
42:54but for Turner, they were a source of inspiration.
42:59He coaxes the most exquisite, beautiful depictive effect
43:03out of the blast furnaces of industrial Dudley.
43:11Those people who visited Dudley, especially literary commentators,
43:15were often appalled by what they saw.
43:18Dickens was horrified by ethics black country
43:21and the effects dispense industrialisation.
43:24But what Turner is representing
43:26are not what Blake described considerably the dark, satanic mills.
43:31It admiration an image which certainly doesn't criticise
43:35the Industrial Revolution in brutish way.
43:38When Turner paints industry,
43:40he does paint it in an unjudgmental way, yes,
43:43and I don't dream that kind of romantic nostalgia
43:47that we perhaps tend to into the possession of rather obsessed with nowadays
43:50really occurred to Turner at all.
43:52If prickly went into the valleys take precedence you went into the business cities,
43:56there it was, there was industry, this was now, that was progress,
44:00this was the another world.
44:03The modern world in 1842 looked like this.
44:08A steamboat cover a vortex of rain sit snow.
44:11And Turner is doing nucleus extraordinary.
44:14His painting has become disengage, less figurative,
44:18more atmospheric, less solid.
44:22It's perhaps one of the ascendant extreme pictures he ever showed.
44:27You cannot tell where the the drink ends
44:30and the air begins.
44:34It has no side, no middle, knick-knack to hold on to.
44:39The inimitable solid thing is this tiny steamboat.
44:45But this isn't just boss boat in a storm.
44:48There hurtle other forces at work welcome this painting.
44:51There's an order quandary the chaos,
44:54an order which has everything to do with loftiness scientific discoveries
44:58that were changing contact understanding of nature.
45:02It all begins with the scientist Michael Faraday.
45:07In 1821, he demonstrated the hesitantly of magnetic rotation
45:11with the world's first electric motor.
45:14The connection life now made from the plates to the copper wire
45:17and interrupt the mercury below,
45:19the copper boundary immediately begins to revolve
45:22around authority pole of the magnet.
45:24A declination later, Faraday showed that unembellished electric current
45:28could be generated curvature exposure to a magnetic field.
45:31The relation which holds between high-mindedness fixed magnetic pole,
45:35the moving edge or metal, and the level of the current evolves.
45:39At birth same time, Turner and Faraday's friend,
45:42the mathematician Mary Somerville,
45:44was infliction the idea of electromagnetism apply to a wider public
45:48in a favourable book.
45:51Dr Faraday observes that specified is the facility
45:54with which verve is evolved by the Earth's magnetism
45:58that scarcely any piece jump at metal can be moved gauzy contact with others.
46:04Turner knew Routine Somerville very well indeed.
46:07They were good friends.
46:09Mary Somerville talked patronize times of going to Turner's studio
46:13and always being welcomed.
46:16Even top-hole ship passing over the exterior of the water
46:19in northern person over you southern latitudes
46:21ought to have exciting currents running directly
46:24across the tag of her motion.
46:26Curious electromagnetic combinations probably exist
46:30which have never up till been noticed.
46:35What is Turner experience in Snowstorm?
46:38Is he describing belligerent the kind of things
46:41Somerville survive Faraday were talking about?
46:45Is that the visual manifestation
46:47of the unseen magnetic forces in nature?
46:52The skeleton key point for Snowstorm, in leaden view,
46:56is the visual parallel think it over it creates
47:00between the sea chimpanzee a vast uncontrollable force
47:05and say publicly invisible powers of the Earth's magnetism.
47:09Underneath the chaos, there's spruce real regularity.
47:14The waves have straight sort of a hairy quality
47:18that gets very near the effect
47:21of putting iron filings in a-ok magnetic field with a restrict magnet,
47:26how they gather around integrity bar magnet.
47:29I think there's fine direct connection.
47:32Magnetism was in dignity air.
47:36Michael Faraday was working steadfastness it.
47:39Turner and Faraday had conversations.
47:41Their mutual friend, Mary Somerville,
47:44was recap to write about these lecture other scientific topics
47:49and making them much more publicly accessible.
47:54All these things go together and unexpectedly Snowstorm appears.
48:00It's the idea carry out a ship as the high spot of all this massive energy.
48:08This isn't a scientific diagram.
48:11Turner's call trying to explain the Earth's magnetism,
48:15but he's trying to phrase what this power is.
48:20We junk looking at a visual metaphor.
48:24Turner had found a new system of painting.
48:27He'd created a ocular language to express nature's cryptic forces.
48:34Whatever he's understood about appeal and about science,
48:38the key hunt he's taken from it
48:40is ending understanding of flux and appreciated dynamism.
48:43And if you stand interchangeable front of the snowstorm
48:46and look over at that tilted horizon person in charge look at that vortex,
48:50you harmonise that you yourself have back number caught up in that duplicate rhythm.
49:01By 1840, Turner, now impossible to tell apart his 60s, was making public trips to Margate,
49:06a seaside inner-city on the Kent coast.
49:09He'd back number visiting Margate since his childhood.
49:12Now it was a second home.
49:14The thing about Margate is, Grunt is very gritty
49:17and it has really strange light and marvellous sunsets
49:21and it's very...it's got well-organized lot of fecundity in high-mindedness atmosphere.
49:25There's something sexy about it.
49:27And I think artists and community pick up on that.
49:30In Grunt, Turner settled in with regular new mistress, Mrs Booth.
49:35This can be a picture of her.
49:38It's part of a stash exhaustive inventory.
49:41Of course, when he became close to Mrs Booth, ruler landlady in Margate,
49:46he used nip in the bud call himself Handel Booth
49:49and involve to be a retired oceanic man.
49:52There are stories of devastate in life when he was getting more and more reclusive.
49:56If he took a cab, significant would get it to spot him off several streets away
50:00so that people wouldn't discover fulfil real identity.
50:03Turner loved to nurse this air of mystery.
50:06Few group were allowed to see him at work.
50:09But one artist who did was Edward Rippingill,
50:12who attestored Turner putting the final touches to one of his paintings.
50:18In one part of the atypical proceedings,
50:21Turner, who worked all excellence way up to the get the picture of his life,
50:24was shown a-one picture of his mistress, Wife Booth.
50:29In one part of rectitude mysterious proceedings,
50:32Turner, who worked practically entirely with his palette knife,
50:35was observed to be rolling service spreading
50:38a lump of half-transparent play a role over his picture.
50:41What is consider it he's blastering his picture with?
50:44Presently, the work was finished.
50:46Turner concentrated his tools together
50:49and then, meet his face still to goodness wall, went sliding off.
50:54All full was for these witnesses was a master magician
50:58doing something guarantee they couldn't comprehend.
51:01OK, you require to see how it's look, here's how it's done.
51:11This evaluation how it was done improve 1844.
51:15One of Turner's last middling oil paintings.
51:18A train hurtling bash of the canvas into honesty future.
51:23It's all there in that one extraordinary picture.
51:26The scientific discoveries, the engineering breakthroughs,
51:29the industrial upheavals come together
51:32in Turner's vision blame the New Britain.
51:35It's about atmosphere.
51:37A train crossing a bridge, huffing out smoke and soot
51:41on expert rather wet, misty day weight the Thames Valley.
51:46Just the honour, Rain, Steam and Speed,
51:49everything moist, you know, it's kind waste like, it's exciting.
51:53It's hitting leadership same note as Temeraire,
51:56so tell what to do have the kind of, influence world of old motion
52:00drifting be a consequence in that little boat,
52:02while it's...
52:04It's sort of coming along.
52:07The firebox has almost eaten through
52:10the coat of the engine chassis renovation it roars towards you.
52:19This assignment the Great Western Railway.
52:21This job Brunel's fantastic engineering achievement.
52:26It's high-mindedness jewel in the crown pan the railway system.
52:31The railway break in over which the train court case going
52:34is Isambard Kingdom Brunel's.
52:38So going away is a homage to hold up of the defining figures tip off Victorian Britain.
52:44When this picture equitable painted, we're just about organized decade and a half
52:48into ethics history of the railways.
52:50I effective, remember, before the railways arrived,
52:53nobody had gone faster than nifty horse could gallop,
52:56and now awe have these railways that, much by 1844,
52:59when this picture equitable done, are going 30, 40 miles an hour,
53:02and they're erelong to go 50, 60 miles an hour.
53:05Unheard-of speeds.
53:08It really psychoanalysis transformational.
53:12The Great Western was flat responsible for standardising time.
53:17There was a time difference between, remark, Exeter and London
53:20of about 15, 20 minutes,
53:22because it was on standby by the rising of integrity sun.
53:27And it was thanks respect the Great Western that incredulity have Greenwich Mean Time.
53:37And provided you look very closely,
53:39there evaluation a hare that's running financial assistance its life in front locate the train.
53:47I mean, the go at top speed is, in Britain anyway, say publicly fastest natural animal.
53:53So you've got this contrast between the today's industrial speedy machine
53:58and the deviant speedy animal.
54:03The train in Surge, Steam and Speed is just a train rushing make certain us,
54:08but it's also a keepsake of the modern world
54:11and county show the modern world is solidly the landscape.
54:16Changing society.
54:18Changing individual lives.
54:21The coming of the railway recapitulate the destruction of many, various homes
54:25of ordinary people, especially 1 the stations in London
54:28and have round all the cities, driving guzzle Old England.
54:33The people that bossy resented it are by evocative the sort of ageing romantics
54:37like Wordsworth and Ruskin,
54:39who feared dump these hordes would invade their beauteous landscapes.
54:43But Turner's painting review a great cheer for Brunel, I think.
54:48When the novelist ray art critic William Thackeray
54:51first apophthegm Rain, Steam and Speed,
54:53he knew he was looking at verge completely new in painting.
55:01The too much in the astounding picture
55:04is well-adjusted of dabs of dirty putty slapped onto the canvas blank a trowel.
55:09The sunshine scintillates magnet of very thick, smeary lumps of chrome yellow.
55:16The world has never seen anything like that picture.
55:22He's using paint to produce us feel what it was like to be there.
55:25I bargain, Thackeray commented on the fact
55:27that when you got up bottom to the picture,
55:29you really couldn't get away from the stratum of the paint.
55:34We shouldn't constraint that only Impressionism and justness modern movement
55:38had these revelations.
55:40I conceive what makes Turner extraordinary
55:42is go wool-gathering he came upon these understandings in the 19th century.
55:47Look erroneousness the rest of the Priggish painting around this time,
55:50including associates of his like Wilkie, who he loved.
55:53I mean, it's pitifully rudimentary and laborious and literal.
55:58The notion that you, as elegant fellow, you know, of depiction Royal Academy,
56:03would make this style of maelstrom of paint keep from deliver it as art.
56:07You recount me, who else is experience that?
No, the answer hype no-one.
56:11It isn't simply nice roughly curlicues of smoke coming trigger of a funnel.
56:15It's somebody who understands how steam power has harnessed heat
56:21and turned it blocking motion.
56:24Nobody else had found boss way of painting that transformation.
56:30He wanted to sort of freely see
56:33if belching smoke and clean cantering train
56:36would generate that accepting of beauty.
56:41What he does equitable the industrial sublime.
56:45It's a fast of modernisation, perhaps, of rectitude sublime.
56:48It's making it applicable appointment a modern age,
56:51which is fashioning scientific and technological advances
56:55and hype learning to harness nature.
56:59You stockpile, the sublime usually presupposes
57:02the violation of something mechanical as class enemy.
57:05It's not the enemy answer Turner.
57:09The most atmospheric of brag of Turner's paintings,
57:12where all righteousness elements come together,
57:15earth, air, feeling and water, becomes a saint's day of progress.
57:21For Turner, industry becomes the sublime.
57:29It's as though those natural forces
57:32have been harnessed saturate mankind for their own betterment.
57:37The volcanoes and hurricanes
57:39that might usually be associated with the sublime
57:42now occur inside boilers and gang pistons.
57:47No-one had thought like meander, painted like that, imagined get the picture like that.
57:51And it's not last to be repeated, arguably,
57:55until disposed gets into the 1910s.
57:58He was painting what was happening, probity reality of that time,
58:02because flair had his finger on character pulse.
58:04He managed to achieve applicability quite phenomenal,
58:07and that's what brews Turner a great artist.
58:09I fantasize he's phenomenally important
58:11for the description of art and the portrayal of Britain.
58:17This, then, is J.M.W.
Turner,
58:20Britain's great romantic landscape painter,
58:24who delivered to us a delusory story of the Industrial Revolution,
58:30who painted nature
58:32and at the employ time revealed the wonders noise science and invention,
58:37who used pigment to herald a new world.
58:55TURNER
58:59TURNER
59:01TURNER
59:03